<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-3364</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Therya]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-3364</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-33642022000100085</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12933/therya-22-1294</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Geographic patterns of electrophoretic and morphological variation in the sagebrush least chipmunk (Tamias minimus scrutator)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kayce C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baccus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ramone]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Mammalogy Department ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Los Angeles California]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ram1 Consulting  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Glennallen Alaska]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>85</fpage>
<lpage>97</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-33642022000100085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-33642022000100085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-33642022000100085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Variation and differentiation among populations provide a framework to decipher how populations are, or are not, changing due to gene flow, genetic drift, and selection. The sagebrush least chipmunk (Tamias minimus scrutator) is distributed in arid and semi-arid habitats throughout much of the Great Basin and adjacent regions. The broad distribution and variation in elevation of populations make this a good system to assess population variation and the forces shaping differentiation. Here, we use allozyme and morphological datasets to: 1) assess the relative roles of geographic locality and elevation of populations in shaping population structure; 2) examine the level of differentiation of peripheral and isolated populations; and 3) compare the genetic and morphological signals of population variation and structure. We sampled 312 individuals from 12 T. minimus scrutator populations and other areas of their distribution. Individuals were measured for 27 genetic and 61 morphological traits. These datasets were analyzed to determine the distribution of variation and the differentiation among populations and tested for correlations with geographic distance and elevation. Multiple approaches were used to thoroughly compare the signals from each dataset. We found 13 polymorphic electrophoretic loci with most of the variation structured among populations within regions. Eight loci exhibited elevational heterogeneity but most high-elevation populations showed no heterogeneity among populations. Thirty-two morphological characters varied among populations but with no discernable trends across regions or elevations. Populations had varying levels of asymmetric distinctness in morphological characters, but there were no significant differences among populations. Morphological and genetic distance measures were correlated and there was some evidence of a correlation of genetic and geographic distance. We also found some correlation of asymmetric distances with morphological or genetic distances at smaller scales. There was substantial variation of genetic and morphological traits among sagebrush least chipmunk populations. Each population had a unique genetic signature and significant morphological differentiation. Our results suggest that genetic drift is contributing to the structure of these populations, with some evidence of selection shaping the distribution of variation at different elevations. The peripheral populations had mixed signals of isolation among the different datasets, with an overall signature suggesting that genetic drift is also driving the variation among these populations. The different measures of population variation yielded inconsistent signals of population structure, highlighting the need for multiple approaches to assess population variation. The variation among sagebrush least chipmunk populations is impacted by a variety of factors and contemporary investigations may reveal populations responding to alterations in habitat and climate.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La variación y diferenciación entre poblaciones proporcionan un marco para descifrar cómo las poblaciones están cambiando o no debido al flujo de genes, la deriva genética y la selección. La ardilla listada (Tamias minimus scrutator) se distribuye en hábitats áridos y semiáridos en gran parte del Great Basin y regiones adyacentes. La amplia distribución y la variación en la elevación de las poblaciones hacen de este un buen sistema para evaluar la variación de la población y las fuerzas que dan forma a la diferenciación. Aquí, utilizamos conjuntos de datos morfológicos y aloenzimáticos para: 1) evaluar los roles relativos de la localidad geográfica y la elevación de las poblaciones en la configuración de la estructura de la población; 2) examinar el nivel de diferenciación de poblaciones periféricas y aisladas, tambien; y 3) comparar las señales genéticas y morfológicas de la variación y estructura de la población. Tomamos muestras de 312 individuos de 12 poblaciones de T. minimus scrutator de su distribución. Se midieron 27 rasgos genéticos y 61 morfológicos de los individuos. Estos conjuntos de datos se analizaron para determinar la distribución de la variación y la diferenciación entre poblaciones y se probaron las correlaciones con la distancia geográfica y la elevación. Encontramos 13 loci electroforéticos polimórficos con la mayor parte de la variación estructurada entre poblaciones dentro de las regiones. Ocho loci mostraron heterogeneidad de elevación, pero la mayoría de las poblaciones de gran altitud no mostraron heterogeneidad entre las poblaciones. Treinta y dos caracteres morfológicos variaron entre poblaciones, pero sin tendencias discernibles entre regiones o elevaciones. Las poblaciones tenían distintos niveles de distinción asimétrica en los caracteres morfológicos, pero no hubo diferencias significativas entre las poblaciones. Las medidas de distancia morfológica y genética se correlacionaron y se encontró evidencia de una correlación de distancia genética y geográfica. También encontramos alguna correlación de distancias asimétricas con distancias morfológicas o genéticas a escalas más pequeñas. Hubo una variación sustancial de rasgos genéticos y morfológicos entre las poblaciones de la ardilla listada. Cada población tenía una firma genética única y una diferenciación morfológica significativa. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la deriva genética está contribuyendo a la estructura de estas poblaciones, con alguna evidencia de selección que da forma a la distribución de la variación en diferentes elevaciones. Las poblaciones periféricas tenían señales mixtas de aislamiento entre los diferentes conjuntos de datos, con una firma general que sugiere que la deriva genética también está impulsando la variación entre estas poblaciones. Las diferentes medidas de variación de la población arrojaron señales inconsistentes de la estructura de la población, destacando la necesidad de múltiples enfoques para evaluar la variación de la población. La variación entre las poblaciones de ardillas menos artemisas se ve afectada por una variedad de factores y las investigaciones contemporáneas pueden revelar poblaciones que responden a alteraciones en el hábitat y el clima.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Developmental asymmetry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genetic drift]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[natural selection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[population structure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[western North America]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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