<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-2422</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnología y ciencias del agua]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnol. cienc. agua]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-2422</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua, Coordinación de Comunicación, Participación e Información]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-24222021000500001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24850/j-tyca-2021-05-01</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Impacto urbano en la calidad y recarga del agua subterránea utilizando trazadores hidrogeoquímicos y ambientales en el acuífero de San Salvador]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Impact of urbanization on groundwater quality and recharge using hydrogeochemical and environmental tracers in the San Salvador Aquifer]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrera-de-Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcia Lizeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garfias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Quebec Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quebec ]]></addr-line>
<country>Canada</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>52</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-24222021000500001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-24222021000500001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-24222021000500001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las características químicas e isotópicas del acuífero urbano de San Salvador, y de los sistemas de agua potable (SAP) y aguas residuales (SAR) se evaluaron en un área de 362 km2 para detectar si las fugas en dichos sistemas están recargando el acuífero y modificando su calidad natural. Un total de 37 sitios de muestreo conformados por pozos, manantiales y dos sistemas de importación de agua del Área Metropolitana de San Salvador (AMSS) se muestrearon en 2007, 2009 y 2017. Las muestras se analizaron para iones mayoritarios e isótopos estables de &#120517;18O y &#120517;2H. Por su parte, el SAR se caracterizó mediante los trazadores químicos de Cl- y NO3-. Los resultados indican la existencia de cuatro grupos de agua: los grupos A (Ca-Mg-HCO3), B (Mg-Ca-HCO3), y D (Na-Ca-HCO) tienen la precipitación como principal fuente de recarga y no mostraron influencia urbana en su calidad; el grupo C (Na-Ca-HCO3 y Na-Mg-HCO3) se deriva del grupo A, fluye bajo el AMSS y sugiere tres fuentes de recarga: la recarga natural directa por precipitación, la recarga urbana procedente de las fugas en los SAP y las fugas de los SAR. Una costosa &#8220;sostenibilidad ficticia&#8221; podría percibirse debido al aporte cuantitativo de la recarga del SAP, que oculta los efectos de las extracciones y el descenso de los niveles en el acuífero. Mientras, la recarga del SAR alerta sobre un potencial ingreso de contaminantes al acuífero, que requiere monitoreo y atención oportuna ante la contaminación. El estudio destaca la necesidad de gestionar de modo integrado los recursos hídricos urbanos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Chemical and isotopic characteristics of the urban aquifer of San Salvador, drinking water (SAP) and wastewater systems (SAR), were evaluated in an area of 362 km2 to detect if leakages in both are recharging the aquifer and modifying its natural quality. An amount of 37 sampling sites that includes deep wells and springs, as well as two water import systems of the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador (AMSS) were sampled in 2007, 2009 and 2017. Samples were analyzed for major ions and stable isotopes of &#120517;18O and &#120517;2H. While the SAR was characterized by chemical tracers of Cl- and NO3-. Results show the existence of four water groups: Groups A (Ca-Mg-HCO3), B (Mg-Ca-HCO3) and D (Na-Ca-HCO3) have meteoric water as their main source of recharge, hence, they do not evidence urban influence in their quality; group C (Na-Ca-HCO3 and Na-Mg-HCO3) is derived from group A, flows under the AMSS and suggests three sources of recharge: Direct natural recharge due to precipitation along urban recharge from SAP and SAR leakages. An expensive &#8220;fictitious sustainability&#8221; could be perceived due to the quantitative contribution of the SAP recharge, which would be hiding the effects of the extractions and consequently the decrease of groundwater levels in the aquifer. Meanwhile, SAR recharge forewarn of a potential entry of pollutants into the aquifer that must be monitored and treated in a timely manner to avoid contamination. The study highlights the need of an integrated urban water resources management.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[recarga urbana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acuífero de San Salvador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hidrogeoquímica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[trazadores ambientales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[isótopos ambientales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fugas de sistemas de agua potable y alcantarillado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Urban recharge]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[San Salvador aquifer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hydrogeochemistry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental tracers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental isotopes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[drinking water and drainage leakages]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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