<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-1124</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de ciencias pecuarias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. de cienc. pecuarias]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-1124</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-11242021000300878</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22319/rmcp.v12i3.5562</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of two phantom parent grouping strategies on the genetic evaluation of growth traits in Mexican Braunvieh cattle]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de dos estrategias de agrupación de padres fantasmas en la evaluación genética de rasgos de crecimiento en el ganado Braunvieh mexicano]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Valverde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodolfo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez-Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruíz-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Agustín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Muñiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Guadalupe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nilforooshan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mohammad Ali]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Departamento de Zootecnia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Otago Department of Mathematics and Statistics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Dunedin ]]></addr-line>
<country>New Zealand</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>878</fpage>
<lpage>892</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-11242021000300878&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-11242021000300878&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-11242021000300878&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The study aimed to compare two grouping strategies for unknown parents or phantom parent groups (PPG) on the genetic evaluation of growth traits for Mexican Braunvieh cattle. Phenotypic data included birth (BW), weaning (WW) and yearling (YW) weights. Pedigree included 57,341 animals. The first strategy involved 12 PPG (G12) based on the birth year of the unknown parent&#8217;s progeny and the sex of the unknown parent, while the second involved 24 PPG (G24) based on the birth year of the unknown parent&#8217;s progeny and 4-selection pathways. The animal models included fixed effects and the random direct additive genetic effect; WW also included random maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects. Product-moment correlations between EBV from G0 (no PPG) and G12 were 0.96, 0.77 and 0.69 for BW, WW and YW, respectively, and between EBV from G0 and G24 were 0.91, 0.54, and 0.53, respectively. Corresponding rank correlations between G0 and G12 were 0.94, 0.77, and 0.72, and between G0 and G24 were 0.89, 0.61, and 0.60. Genetic trends showed a base deviation from the genetic trend of G0, except for BW of G12. The results did not support the use of the two grouping strategies on the studied population and traits, and further research is required. Introducing PPG to the model, enough phenotype contribution from descendants to PPG, and avoiding collinearity between PPG and fixed effects are important. Genetic groups should reflect changes in the genetic structure of the population to the unknown parents, including different sources of genetic materials, and changes made by selection over time.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar dos estrategias de agrupación de conjuntos de padres desconocidos o padres fantasmas (GPF) en la evaluación genética de rasgos de crecimiento para el ganado Braunvieh mexicano. Los datos fenotípicos incluyeron los pesos al nacimiento (PN), destete (PD) y al año (PA). El pedigrí incluyó 57,341 animales. La primera estrategia involucró 12 GPF (G12) según el año de nacimiento de la progenie del padre desconocido y el sexo del padre desconocido, mientras que la segunda involucró 24 GPF (G24) según el año de nacimiento de la progenie del padre desconocido y las cuatro vías de selección. Los modelos animales incluyeron efectos fijos y el efecto genético aditivo directo aleatorio; el PD también incluyó efectos aleatorios genéticos maternos y ambientales permanentes maternos. Las correlaciones producto-momento entre el VGE de G0 (sin GPF) y G12 fueron 0.96, 0.77 y 0.69 para PN, PD y PA, respectivamente, y entre el VGE de G0 y G24 fueron 0.91, 0.54 y 0.53, respectivamente. Las correlaciones de rango correspondientes entre G0 y G12 fueron 0.94, 0.77 y 0.72, y entre G0 y G24 fueron 0.89, 0.61 y 0.60. Las tendencias genéticas mostraron una desviación base de la tendencia genética de G0, a excepción para PN de G12. Los resultados no respaldan el uso de las dos estrategias de agrupación en la población y los rasgos estudiados, y se requiere investigación adicional. Es importante introducir GPF en el modelo, una contribución suficiente del fenotipo de los descendientes a los GPF y evitar la colinealidad entre GPF y los efectos fijos. Los grupos genéticos deben reflejar los cambios en la estructura genética de la población para los padres desconocidos, incluidas las diferentes fuentes de materiales genéticos, y los cambios realizados por selección a lo largo del tiempo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Braunvieh cattle]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[EBV]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Genetic groups]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Rank correlation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Unknown parents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bovinos Braunvieh]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[VGE]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Grupos genéticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Correlación de rango]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Padres desconocidos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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