<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-0705</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nova scientia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nova scientia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-0705</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de La Salle Bajío A. C., Coordinación de Investigación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-07052021000300101</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21640/ns.v13ie.2823</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pre-existing comorbidity, the highest risk factor for poor prognosis of COVID-19 among the Mexican population]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Comorbilidad preexistente, el mayor factor de riesgo de mal pronóstico de COVID-19 en la población Mexicana]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calixto-Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Basilio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Peláez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bermeo-Escalona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Josué R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maestre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gladys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra-Michel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceja Bravo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leobardo A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-de-Alba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad De La Salle Bajío  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[León ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad Juárez ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mazatlán ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Texas Rio Grande Valley  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Rio Grande Valley ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>spe</numero>
<fpage>0</fpage>
<lpage>0</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-07052021000300101&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-07052021000300101&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-07052021000300101&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a challenge for public health and a high risk for patients with pre-existing comorbidity. As of July 20, 2020, the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) was 11.30% and the Mortality Rate (MR) was 31.28 deaths per 100,000 population. In Mexico, the prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension among the adult Mexican population is 30%, 9.2%, and 40%, respectively. The objective of this research was to identify the risk factors associated with eight comorbidities and their dependency on age for death caused by COVID-19.  Method: This study used the dataset published on July 20, 2020, by the General Directorate of Epidemiology of the Ministry of Health of Mexico. From this dataset, we analysed 130,896 positive COVID-19 cases, where 35,483 (27.107%) patients had one comorbidity, and 95,413 (72.892%) patients had not medical comorbidity. Statistical analyses include the Case Fatality Rate (CFR), the estimation of the Odds Ratio (OR), and its 95% Confidence Interval (CI).  Results: The highest CFR was 14.382% for COPD, 10.266% for CKD, 10.126% for diabetes, and 8.954% for hypertension. The obesity CFR was 3.535%. Moreover, we detected a higher risk for patients with COPD, diabetes, and CKD, resulting in OR of 4.443 (95% CI: 3.404-5.799), 3.283 (95% CI: 3.018-3.570), and 3.016 (95% CI: 2.248-4.047), respectively.  Conclusion: This study corroborates that the highest risk for severe disease and death caused by COVID-19 among the Mexican population are pre-existing comorbidities. Findings show that COPD, CKD, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease increase the risk of death for patients older than 54 years. The most vulnerable age group is older than 65 years.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La pandemia de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) representa un desafío para la salud pública y un alto riesgo para los pacientes con comorbilidad preexistente. Al 20 de julio de 2020, la Tasa de Casos Fatales fue de 11.30% y la Tasa de Mortalidad fue de 31.28 muertes por 100,000 habitantes. En México, la prevalencia de obesidad, diabetes mellitus e hipertensión entre la población adulta mexicana es de 30%, 9.2% y 40%, respectivamente. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a ocho comorbilidades y su dependencia de la edad para la muerte por COVID-19.  Método: Este estudio utilizó el conjunto de datos publicado el 20 de julio de 2020 por la Dirección General de Epidemiología de la Secretaría de Salud de México. A partir de este conjunto de datos, se analizaron 130.896 casos positivos de COVID-19, donde 35.483 (27,107%) pacientes tenían una comorbilidad y 95.413 (72,892%) pacientes no tenían comorbilidad médica. Los análisis estadísticos incluyen la tasa de letalidad, la estimación de la razón de probabilidades y su intervalo de confianza del 95%.  Resultados: La Tasa de Casos Fatales más altas fue 14.382% para EPOC (Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica), 10.266% para ERC (Enfermedad Renal Crónica), 10.126% para diabetes y 8.954% para hipertensión. La tasa de riesgo para obesidad fue del 3,535%. Además, se detectó un mayor riesgo para los pacientes con EPOC, diabetes y ERC, lo que resultó en una OR de 4,443 (IC del 95%: 3,404-5,799), 3,283 (IC del 95%: 3,018-3,570) y 3,016 (IC del 95%: 2.248-4.047), respectivamente.  Conclusión: Este estudio corrobora que el mayor riesgo de enfermedad grave y muerte causada por COVID-19 entre la población mexicana son las comorbilidades preexistentes. Los resultados muestran que EPOC, ERC, diabetes, hipertensión y enfermedades cardiovasculares aumentan el riesgo de muerte para pacientes mayores a 54 años. El grupo de edad más vulnerable es el de mayor a 65 años.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[case fatality rate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[comorbidity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[death risk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pandemic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[public health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mortality rate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diabetes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hypertension]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cardiovascular diseases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[age of risk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tasa de letalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comorbilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[coronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[riesgo de muerte]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pandemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[salud pública]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tasa de mortalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diabetes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hipertensión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfermedades cardiovasculares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[edad de riesgo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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