<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-6622</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[EconoQuantum]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[EconoQuantum]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-6622</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guadalajara]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-66222017000200105</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18381/eq.v14i2.7104</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The contrasts of microcredit and some unresolved institutional challenges of microfinance: evidence from México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los contrastes de los microcréditos y algunos retos no resueltos en microfinanzas: evidencia de México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cervantes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernal Ponce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>105</fpage>
<lpage>124</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-66222017000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-66222017000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-66222017000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This study analyzes the impact of microcredit on women&#8217;s life. Until now, microfinance literature has described the benefits microcredits and how it helps women to improve their micro-firms. In this study we found that there is a contrast side of microcredit that needs to be addressed. This is, there is a negative side that includes women to be forced by their family to take credit, issues surrounding financial education, complaints about the Grameen model, marital disharmony, problems with children, etc. Additionally, benefits are kept mainly in the microfinance institutions due to the high interest rates they charge. To avoid this, we suggest to involve microfinance institutions in the community, or to commit the father or legal guardian of the children to act as bank guarantee, inter alia. We tested these ideas on a micro-entrepreneur&#8217;s women sample of women, in Mexico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Este estudio analiza el impacto del microcrédito en la vida de las mujeres. Hasta ahora, la literatura de microfinancieras ha descrito los beneficios de los microcreditos, y el como estos ayudan a mejorar sus micro-empresa. En este estudio, encontramos que existe un lado contrastante de los microcréditos que requiere ser abordado. Es decir, existe un lado negativo en el que se incluye el hecho de que las mujeres son forzadas a tomar el crédito por su familia, temas relacionados con educación financiera, quejas acerca del modelo Grameen, desarmonía conyugal, problemas con los hijos, etc. Adicionalmente, los beneficios se quedan principalmente en las instituciones microfinancieras debido a las altas tasas de interés que cobran. A fin de evitar esto, sugerimos que las instituciones microfinancieras sean involucradas en la comunidad, o permitir que el padre o tutor legal de los hijos actúe como obligado solidario ante el banco, entre otros. Probamos estas ideas en una muestra de mujeres micro-empresarias en México.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Microfinance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[regulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[women]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[G21]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[G28]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[J16]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Microfinanzas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[regulación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mujeres]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[G21]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[G28]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[J16]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demirgüc-Kunt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morduch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microfinance meets the market]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic Perspective]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>167-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Mei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacKenzie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woodruf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Are women more credit constrained? Experimental evidence on gender and microenterprise returns]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economic Journal: Applied Economics]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duflo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Women empowerment and economic development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic Literature]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1051-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garikipati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of lending to women on family vulnerability and women&#8217;s empowerment: Evidence from India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Development]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2620-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garikipati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microcredit and women&#8217;s empowerment: Have we been looking at the wrong indicators?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oxford Development Studies]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goetz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Who takes the credit? Gender, power and control over microcredit use in rural credit programs in Bangladesh]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Development]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>45-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hashemi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schuler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rural credit programs and women&#8217;s empowerment in Bangladesh]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Development]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>635-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hulme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Finance against poverty]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kabeer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conflicts over credit: Revaluating the empowerment potential of microcredits to women in rural Bangladesh]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Development]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>63-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khandker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fighting poverty with microcredit: Experience in Bangladesh]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press for the World Bank]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morduch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of the effects of microcredit on poverty reduction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New York University Wagner Working Paper.]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<numero>1014</numero>
<issue>1014</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Hull ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Canadian International Development Agency]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khandker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of group-based credit programs on poor families in Bangladesh: Does the gender of participants matter?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Political Economy]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>958-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khandker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cartwright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empowering women with micro finance: Evidence from Bangladesh]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Development and Cultural Change]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>791-831</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microcredit initiatives for equitable and sustainable development: Who pays?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Development]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>67-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>The Economist</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Global microscope on the microfinance business environment]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2011]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Todd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Women at the centre: Grameen Bank borrowers after one decade]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Colorado ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Westview Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yunus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Remarks by Muhammad Yunus, managing director, Grameen Bank]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Microcredit Summit E-News]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The scaling-up of microfinance in Bangladesh: Determinants, impacts and lessons]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Bank Policy Research Working Paper]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<numero>3398</numero>
<issue>3398</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington DC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Bank]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
