<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3925</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Región y sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Región y sociedad]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3925</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de Sonora]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-39252016000100235</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Vivir en los márgenes del Estado: un estudio en la frontera México-Estados Unidos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tijuana Baja California]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>65</numero>
<fpage>235</fpage>
<lpage>262</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-39252016000100235&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-39252016000100235&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-39252016000100235&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre las formas en que se construye la condición marginal de los sujetos sociales frente al Estado y, en particular, explorar su relación con los policías municipales en Tijuana, en la frontera entre México y Estados Unidos. Se discute la idea de que es en los márgenes, entendidos como el límite entre dos países, donde se pueden encontrar con más fuerza las estructuras e instituciones que robustecen la presencia del Estado (Das y Poole 2004). La hipótesis de este trabajo es que la condición marginal de los sujetos se construye a lo largo de su vida, con una conjunción de situaciones de clase y ciudadanía que traspasan la frontera geopolítica, y que se condensan tanto en su experiencia de migración y deportación, como de vida en "la calle", y que es ahondada por la actuación violenta de los policías municipales, como agentes del Estado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The aim of this article is to reflect on the ways in which the marginal condition of certain social actors is constructed vis-á-vis the State, and in particular to explore their relationship with the local police in Tijuana, on the Mexico-United States border. It discusses the idea that it is in the margins, defined as the limit between two countries, where more robust structures and institutions that reinforce the State's presence can be found (Das and Poole 2004). The hypothesis of this work is that the marginal condition of specific social actors is constructed throughout their lives in a combination of class and citizenship conditions that go beyond geopolitical borders and are condensed in the experience of migration, deportation and their lives on "the street". Such marginal conditions are deepened by the violent actions and discourse of State agents such as the municipal police.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[violencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[policía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[deportados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[migrantes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tijuana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[frontera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[violence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[police]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[deportees]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[migrants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tijuana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[border]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zygmunt]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La globalización: consecuencias humanas]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourdieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pierre]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Meditaciones pascalianas]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Anagrama]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La policía municipal de Tijuana. Una aproximación antropológica]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Iberoamericana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transnational homeless-ness: finding a place on the US-Mexico border]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Howard]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lachica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Josué G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Borderlands Studies]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>28</numero>
<issue>28</issue>
<page-range>279-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detention, deportation, devolution and immigrant incapacitation in the US, post 9/11]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coleman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mathew]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kocher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Austin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Geographical Journal]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>177</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>228-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos]]></source>
<year>1917</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Das]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Veena]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Deborah]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anthropology in the margins of State]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santa Fe ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[School of American Research Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galtung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tras la violencia, 3R:reconstrucción,reconciliación, resolución. Afrontando los efectos visibles e invisibles de la guerra y la violencia]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bilbao ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Guernika Gogoratuz]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blurred boundaries: the discourse of corruption, the culture of politics, and the imagined State]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Akhil]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[American Ethnologist]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>375-402</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spatializing states: toward an ethnography of neoliberal governmentality]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Akhil]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferguson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[American Ethnologist]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>981-1002</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thomas W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Brigandage, piracy, capitalism, and State-formation: transnational crime from a historical world-systems perspective]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heyman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Josiah]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[States and illegal paractices]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<page-range>25-62</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Berg]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kearney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El poder clasificador de las fronteras]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velasco Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Migración, fronteras e identidades étnicas transnacionales]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>60-79</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[En seguridad, vamos a continuar como debe de ser]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hilario]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Mexicano]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Agente y sujeto: reflexiones acerca de la teoría de la agencia en Anthony Giddens y la de sujeto en Alain Touraine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Derecho en Libertad]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>121-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Seeing like a State. How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Haven ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yale University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sullivan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mercer L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miller.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adolescent violence, state processes, and the local context of moral panic]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heyman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Josiah]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[States and illegal paractices]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<page-range>261-84</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Berg]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Touraine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alain]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Crítica a la modernidad]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albicker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reporte ejecutivo]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[COLEF]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coubes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marie Laure]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reporte sobre dimensión, caracterización y área de atención a deportados mexicanos desde Estados Unidos. Diciembre de 2013]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[COLEF]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Max]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economy and society: an outline of interpretive sociology]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berkley ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
