<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3569</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[CONfines de relaciones internacionales y ciencia política]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[CONfines relacion. internaci. ciencia política]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3569</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, División de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-35692018000100099</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Effect of Political Competition on Spoiled Ballots in Mexico: An Econometric Model of Determinants]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El efecto de la competencia política sobre los votos nulos en México: un modelo econométrico de sus determinantes]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto-Zazueta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Irvin Mikhail]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>26</numero>
<fpage>99</fpage>
<lpage>119</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-35692018000100099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-35692018000100099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-35692018000100099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract. This paper analyzes the determinants of spoiled ballots at Mexican municipal elections. We use a local elections data base from 2006-2008 to estimate an electoral behavior model in which local economic variables are included in quadratic form, so that non-linear effects can be considered. We found that an increase in the electoral margin is associated with an increase in the proportion of spoiled ballots Mexican local elections, the effect is highly statistically significant and stable across specifications.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen. En este trabajo se analizan los determinantes de los votos nulos en las elecciones municipales mexicanas. Utilizamos una base de datos de elecciones locales de 2006-2008 para estimar un modelo de comportamiento electoral en el que las variables económicas locales se incluyen en forma cuadrática, de modo que se puedan tener en cuenta los efectos no lineales. Descubrimos que un aumento en el margen electoral está asociado con un aumento en la proporción de votos nulos en elecciones locales mexicanas; el efecto es estadísticamente significativo y estable a través de las especificaciones.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spoiled ballots]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political competition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[marginalization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic conditions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[votos nulos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[competencia política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[marginación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[condiciones económicas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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