<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3550</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Norteamérica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Norteamérica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3550</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Investigaciones sobre América del Norte]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-35502023000100191</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/cisan.24487228e.2023.1.602</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mexico: Remittances, Organized Crime and U.S. Drug Overdose Crisis in Borderlands (2015-2021)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[México: las remesas, el crimen organizado y la crisis de sobredosis de drogas en Estados Unidos en las zonas fronterizas (2015-2021)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar Acevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rostro Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Perla Esperanza]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad La Salle Bajío  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Salamanca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad La Salle Bajío  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Salamanca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad La Salle Bajío  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Salamanca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>191</fpage>
<lpage>215</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-35502023000100191&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-35502023000100191&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-35502023000100191&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The present article aims to shed light on the question of whether Mexico&#8217;s boom in remittances between 2015 and 2021 was the result of low rates of unemployment in the United States or higher revenue from drug trafficking by Mexican criminal groups. We found that Mexican migration to the United States took off in 2019 and accelerated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Since higher rates of unemployment coincided with increased remittances and a spike in drug overdose deaths in the United States, a hypothesis arose that Mexican remittances could be related to drug trafficking revenue. An exploratory data analysis (EDA) found a normal negative correlation (not causation) between the U.S. unemployment rate and remittances from 2015 to 2019, but an abnormal negative correlation from 2020 to 2021. We therefore conclude that the record level in Mexican remittances between 2020 and 2021 could be the result of an increase in Mexican migration but also from a windfall in drug trafficking earnings mirrored by a spike in drug overdose deaths in the United States.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El presente artículo pretende arrojar algo de luz a la cuestión de si el auge de las remesas de México entre 2015 y 2021 fue resultado de las bajas tasas de desempleo en Estados Unidos o de los mayores ingresos del narcotráfico realizados por los grupos criminales mexicanos. Encontramos que la migración mexicana a ese país aumentó hasta 2019 y se aceleró con la pandemia de COVID-19. Dado que las mayores tasas de desempleo coinciden con un mayor número de remesas y un aumento de las muertes por sobredosis de drogas en Estados Unidos, surgió la hipótesis de que las remesas mexicanas podrían estar relacionadas con los ingresos del narcotráfico. Un análisis exploratorio de datos (AED) encontró una correlación negativa normal (no causal) entre la tasa de desempleo en Estados Unidos y las remesas de 2015 a 2019, pero una correlación negativa anormal de 2020 a 2021. Concluimos que el nivel récord en las remesas mexicanas entre 2020 y 2021 podría ser resultado de un aumento en la migración mexicana pero también de una ganancia inesperada en los ingresos del narcotráfico reflejada en un pico de muertes por sobredosis de drogas en Estados Unidos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[remittances]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexican criminal organizations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[borderlands]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[U.S. drug overdose deaths]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[remesas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[organizaciones criminales mexicanas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fronteras]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[muertes por sobredosis en Estados Unidos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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