<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3550</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Norteamérica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Norteamérica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3550</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Investigaciones sobre América del Norte]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-35502022000200213</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/cisan.24487228e.2022.2.584</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Causas contemporáneas de la migración en Mesoamérica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Contemporary Causes of Migration in Mesoamerica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guadalajara  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>213</fpage>
<lpage>240</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-35502022000200213&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-35502022000200213&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-35502022000200213&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen México y Centroamérica son la principal fuente de mano de obra foránea permanente y temporal para Estados Unidos y Canadá, y conforman el sistema migratorio mesoamericano al poseer características muy similares; no obstante, sus procesos históricos son muy diferentes. En México fueron la vecindad, el reclutamiento y la articulación de oferta y demanda de mano de obra el principal motor de la migración originada a fines del siglo XIX. En lo que concierne a Centroamérica, el detonador fue la violencia de las últimas tres décadas del siglo XX en sus diferentes modalidades -política, armada, social y sistémica- lo que dio lugar a diversos tipos de migrantes: exiliados, refugiados, migrantes económicos, forzados y desarraigados. En este artículo analizamos las principales causas estructurales contemporáneas de la migración en el sistema migratorio mesoamericano, actualmente rebautizadas como violencia sistémica, pobreza neoliberal e impunidad institucional.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Mexico and Central America are the main source of foreign labor, both permanent and temporary, for the United States and Canada, and, with very similar characteristics, together they conform the Mesoamerican migration system. However, their historical processes are very different. In Mexico, the vicinity, recruitment and articulation of labor supply and demand were the main drivers of the migration that originated at the end of the 19th century. In Central America, the detonator was the violence unleashed in the last three decades of the 20th century, in its different modalities: political, armed, social and systemic, which gave rise to different types of migrants: exiles, refugees, economic migrants, forced and uprooted migrants. This article analyzes the main structural contemporary causes of migration in the Mesoamerican migration system, which are currently renamed as systemic violence, neoliberal poverty, and institutional impunity.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Centroamérica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema mesoamericano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[migración]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[violencia sistémica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pobreza neoliberal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[impunidad institucional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Central America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mesoamerican system]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[migration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[systemic violence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neoliberal poverty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[institucional impunity]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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