<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3550</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Norteamérica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Norteamérica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3550</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Investigaciones sobre América del Norte]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-35502015000100103</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Exportaciones en México: un análisis de cointegración y causalidad (1980-2012)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Exports in Mexico: an Analysis of Cointegration and Causality (1980-2012)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heras Villanueva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez Chiñas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,UNAM Facultad de Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>MX</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,IPN Escuela Superior de Economía Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>MX</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>103</fpage>
<lpage>131</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-35502015000100103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-35502015000100103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-35502015000100103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En el presente artículo se analiza la relación entre las exportaciones y el producto, mediante técnicas econométricas de series de tiempo multivariadas (prueba de cointegración de Johansen y análisis de causalidad de Granger). A través de la estimación de un modelo de corrección de error, se muestra la relación de largo plazo que existe entre las exportaciones y el PIB de México, así como la causalidad entre dichas variables. De esta forma, es posible dilucidar el tipo de comercio que el país ejerce, una de las causas de su bajo crecimiento durante las últimas tres décadas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This article analyzes the relationship between exports and output using econometric multivariate time series techniques (the Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality analysis). Using an error-correction model estimate, the authors show the long-term relationship between Mexico's exports and gdp as well as the causality between these variables. This makes it possible to elucidate the kind of trade the country carries out, one of the causes of its low growth over the last three decades.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[causalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cointegración]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comercio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crecimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[exportaciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[importaciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[TLCAN]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[causality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cointegration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[trade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[growth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[exports]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[imports]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[NAFTA]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Import Substitution in High-Tech Industries: Prebisch Lives in Asia!]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amsden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[CEPAL Review]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<numero>82</numero>
<issue>82</issue>
<page-range>75-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Appleyard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dennis R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Field]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfred J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Steven L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Economics]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill-Irwin]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sesenta años de la CEPAL: estructuralismo y neoestructuralismo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bielschowsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista CEPAL]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>97</numero>
<issue>97</issue>
<page-range>171-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El proceso de industrialización acelerada en México (1929-1982)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ocampo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thorp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Industrialización y Estado en América Latina, El Trimestre Económico]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>94</numero>
<issue>94</issue>
<page-range>240-76</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chacholiades]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economía internacional]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clavijo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Apertura económica y competitividad. La experiencia de México]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cordera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El papel de las ideas y las políticas en el cambio estructural en México,El Trimestre Económico]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>99</numero>
<issue>99</issue>
<page-range>467-95</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE/IIS, UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Cambio estructural para la igualdad. Una visión integrada del desarrollo]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEPAL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Co-integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation and Testing]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Granger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Econometrica]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>251-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Raúl Prebisch and the Dilemma of Development in the Globalized World]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[CEPAL Review]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>101</numero>
<issue>101</issue>
<page-range>7-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fitzgerald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La CEPAL y la teoría de la industrialización por medio de la sustitución de importaciones]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ocampo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thorp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Industrialización y Estado en América Latina El Trimestre Económico]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>94</numero>
<issue>94</issue>
<page-range>85-137</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Fondo Monetario Internacional</collab>
<source><![CDATA[World Economic Outlook Database]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganuza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. Paes de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efectos de la liberalización sobre la pobreza y la desigualdad]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganuza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. Paes de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liberalización, desigualdad y pobreza: América Latina y el Caribe en los 90]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<page-range>79-116</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Eudeba]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gazol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La apertura comercial veinte años después]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cordera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El papel de las ideas y las políticas en el cambio estructural en México,El Trimestre Económico]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>99</numero>
<issue>99</issue>
<page-range>173-201</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE-IIS, UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[De Adam Smith a List, ¿del libre comercio al proteccionismo?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aportes. Revista de la Facultad de Economía de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>103-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Some Recent Developments in a Concept of Causality]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Granger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Econometrics]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>199-211</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determinantes del crecimiento económico en México, 1929-2003: una perspectiva poskeynesiana]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero de Lizaldi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación económica]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>255</numero>
<issue>255</issue>
<page-range>127-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Export Performance and Economic Growth Causality: An Empirical Analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hatemi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Irandoust]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atlantic Economic Journal]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>412-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Truer Picture of China's Export Machine]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woetzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[McKinsey Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maquila, Currency Misalignment and Export-Led Growth in Mexico]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibarra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[CEPAL Review]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>104</numero>
<issue>104</issue>
<page-range>191-205</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La paradoja del crecimiento lento en México]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibarra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la CEPAL]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>95</numero>
<issue>95</issue>
<page-range>83-102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Banco de información económica]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kosacoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El aprendizaje tecnológico, el desarrollo institucional y la microeconomía de la sustitución de importaciones]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ocampo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thorp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Industrialización y Estado en América Latina, El Trimestre Económico]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>94</numero>
<issue>94</issue>
<page-range>58-84</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kregel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Discrete Charm of the Washington Consensus]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Levy Economics Institute]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lamy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La consolidación del proceso mexicano de liberalización comercial: beneficios y desafíos de la apertura]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leycegui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reflexiones sobre la política comercial internacional de México 2006-2012]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>31-6</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El atraso de las naciones: los retos al desarrollo en las teorías de Evgeny Preobrazhensky y Raúl Prebisch]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazzarini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación económica]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<page-range>283</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Innovation and Job Creation in a Global Economy: The Case of Apple's iPod]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dedrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kraemer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Commerce and Economics]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>223-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La macroeconomía de México: el pasado reciente y el futuro posible]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Gallardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las ciencias sociales]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unidad Académica de Ciclos Profesionales y de Posgrado del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, UNAM / Miguel Ángel Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John Stuart]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Principios de economía política]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mexico's Economic Growth and the Balance of Payments Constraint: A Cointegration Analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Brid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Review of ApplIED Economics]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>149-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Brid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las reformas del mercado desde una perspectiva histórica]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cordera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El papel de las ideas y las políticas en el cambio estructural en México,El Trimestre Económico]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>99</numero>
<issue>99</issue>
<page-range>41-81</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE/IIS, UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mexico: Economic Growth Exports and Industrial Performance after nafta]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Brid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santamaría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Serie Estudios y Perspectivas]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<numero>42</numero>
<issue>42</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEPAL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investment, Exports and Imports in Mexico]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacheco-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Penélope]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The World Economy]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<month>a</month>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1157-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Exports, Imports. The Balance of Trade, and Growth: The Case of Mexico]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacheco-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Penélope]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Post Keynesian Economics]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<month>b</month>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>596-619</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thomas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Rise and Fall of Export-led Growth]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Levy Economics Institute]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A New Development Paradigm: Domestic Demand-Led Growth]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thomas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Foreign Policy in Focus]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Principios de economía políticay tributación]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efectos de las exportaciones en el crecimiento econo&#769;mico de Me&#769;xico: un ana&#769;lisis de cointegracio&#769;n, 1929-2009]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[EconoQuantum]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>55-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Goodbye Washington Consensus, Hello Washington Confusion? A Review of the World Bank's Economic Growth in the 1990s: Learning from a Decade of Reform]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic Literature]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>973-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Políticas de diversificación económica]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la CEPAL]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>l87</volume>
<page-range>7-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La industrialización como motor del crecimiento]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oropeza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[México frente a la tercera revolución industrial. Cómo relanzar el proyecto industrial de México en el siglo XXI]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>319-42</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IIJ, UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Convergencia entre las economías de México y Estados Unidos]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ensayos]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>69-104</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Algunas tesis equivocadas sobre el estancamiento económico de México]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México/UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Política fiscal, tipo de cambio y crecimiento en regímenes de alta y baja inflación: la experiencia de México]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lustig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nora]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los grandes problemas de México]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>109-32</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouillon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La liberalización de la balanza de pagos en México: efectos en el crecimiento, la desigualdad y la pobreza]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganuza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paes de Barros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liberalización, desigualdad y pobreza: América Latina y el Caribe en los 90]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<page-range>715-63</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Eudeba]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación sobre la naturaleza y causas de la riqueza de las naciones]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ensayos sobre macroeconomía mexicana]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tlaxcallan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Some Lessons from the East Asian Miracle]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stiglitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joseph]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The World Bank Research Observer]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>151-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Retórica, política económica y resultados del desarrollismo mexicano: 1932-1958]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fundamentos de la política económica en México (1920-2010)]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>191-236</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Economía, UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Liberalización de la balanza de pagos en América Latina. Efectos sobre el crecimiento, la distribución y la pobreza]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganuza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. Paes de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liberalización, desigualdad y pobreza: América Latina y el Caribe en los 90]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<page-range>15-75</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Eudeba]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valderrama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Exportaciones manufactureras mexicanas: comercio intraindustrial y tecnología]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Plaza y Valdés]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Have Liberalisation and nafta Had a Positive Impact on Mexico's Output Growth?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasquez G.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oladipo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of ApplIED Economics]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>159-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williamson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What Washington Means by Policy Reform]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williamson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened?]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<page-range>7-38</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D. C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Institute for International Economics]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[North American Free Trade Agreement]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wise]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[New Political Economy]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>133-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
