<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3542</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física E]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fís. E]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3542</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-35422011000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[How can acoustic resonance reduce the average velocity in a falling body?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Zúñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D.F.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>16</fpage>
<lpage>20</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-35422011000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-35422011000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-35422011000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In this article, a simple experiment is described to overcome the misconception that acoustic pressure and levitation effects are difficult to observe in school laboratories. Analysis of the free fall velocity of a toy parachute inside a vertical tube, driven by sound in a range of frequencies aromid the resonant condition, exhibits the resonance frequency, the node pressure zones, and the optimal conditions to obtain acoustical levitation of a light body.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En este artículo se describe detalladamente un experimento sencillo para superar la impresión errónea de que los efectos de presión y levitación acústica son difíciles de observar en laboratorios escolares. Estos fenómenos físicos se pueden estudiar mediante el análisis de la velocidad de un paracaídas de juguete en caída libre, dentro de un tubo transparente y vertical, impulsado por ondas estacionarias sonicas en el intervalo de frecuencias alrededor del quinto modo de resonancia del tubo. Enlazando conceptos de mecánica y acústica, con este experimento se determina la frecuencia de resonancia, las zonas de nodos de presión dentro del tubo, y las condiciones óptimas para obtener levitación acústica de un objeto liviano.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Resonant tube]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[acoustic pressure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[high school demonstration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tubo resonante]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[presión acústica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[levitación acústica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[demostraciones físicas escolares]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Ense&ntilde;anza</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>How can acoustic resonance reduce the average velocity in a falling body?</b></font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>V. Torres&#150;Z&uacute;&ntilde;iga</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnol&oacute;gico, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, Cd. Universitaria Apartado Postal 70&#150;186, M&eacute;xico, D.F. 04510, M&eacute;xico, e&#150;mail: email:</i> <a href="mailto:vicentz@gmail.com">vicentz@gmail.com</a></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 15 de abril de 2010    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>     Aceptado el 17 de enero de 2011</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">In this article, a simple experiment is described to overcome the misconception that acoustic pressure and levitation effects are difficult to observe in school laboratories. Analysis of the free fall velocity of a toy parachute inside a vertical tube, driven by sound in a range of frequencies aromid the resonant condition, exhibits the resonance frequency, the node pressure zones, and the optimal conditions to obtain acoustical levitation of a light body.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Resonant tube; acoustic pressure; high school demonstration.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En este art&iacute;culo se describe detalladamente un experimento sencillo para superar la impresi&oacute;n err&oacute;nea de que los efectos de presi&oacute;n y levitaci&oacute;n ac&uacute;stica son dif&iacute;ciles de observar en laboratorios escolares. Estos fen&oacute;menos f&iacute;sicos se pueden estudiar mediante el an&aacute;lisis de la velocidad de un paraca&iacute;das de juguete en ca&iacute;da libre, dentro de un tubo transparente y vertical, impulsado por ondas estacionarias sonicas en el intervalo de frecuencias alrededor del quinto modo de resonancia del tubo. Enlazando conceptos de mec&aacute;nica y ac&uacute;stica, con este experimento se determina la frecuencia de resonancia, las zonas de nodos de presi&oacute;n dentro del tubo, y las condiciones &oacute;ptimas para obtener levitaci&oacute;n ac&uacute;stica de un objeto liviano.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores:</b> Tubo resonante; presi&oacute;n ac&uacute;stica; levitaci&oacute;n ac&uacute;stica; demostraciones f&iacute;sicas escolares.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 01.50.Lc; 01.50.My; 43.20.Ks; 43.25.Uv</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmfe/v57n1/v57n1a3.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgments</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The author acknowledges financial support from the ICyT&#150;DF grant 2010, and Dr. Felipe Ordu&ntilde;a Bustamante for his very useful comments and suggestions.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. Acoustic Levitation Chamber <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94KzmB2bI7srevised 03/19/2010">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94KzmB2bI7srevised 03/19/2010</a> last view: 11/18/2010.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8455656&pid=S1870-3542201100010000300001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p> 	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. Ultrasonic Levitation <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S4exO4CuoSU">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S4exO4CuoSU</a>  &#91;last view: 11/18/2010&#93;    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8455658&pid=S1870-3542201100010000300002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref -->.</font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. J.R. Gao, C.D. Cao, and B. Wei, <i>Adv. Space Res.</i> <b>24</b> (1999) 1293.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8455660&pid=S1870-3542201100010000300003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4. R.G. Holt, C.C. Clarke, and J. Gregory McDaniel, <i>J. Acoust. Soc. Am.</i> <b>105</b> (1999) 1146.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8455662&pid=S1870-3542201100010000300004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5. C.T. Tindle, <i>Am. J. Phys,</i> <b>54</b> (1986) 749.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8455664&pid=S1870-3542201100010000300005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">6. R. Resnick, D. Halliday, and K.S. Krane , <i>F&iacute;sica</i> Vol. 1 (John Wiley <i>&amp;</i>. Sons, New York, 1992).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8455666&pid=S1870-3542201100010000300006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p> 	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">7. R.W. Peterson <i>Am. J. Phys.</i> <b>63</b> (1995) 489.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8455668&pid=S1870-3542201100010000300007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">8. I. Carl Romer, Jr. and Preston E. Koentop, <i>Am. J. Phys.</i> <b>33 </b>(1965) 803.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8455670&pid=S1870-3542201100010000300008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">9. Experimento de paracaidas en tubo resonante <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkdPCzfxlgs">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkdPCzfxlgs</a> last view: 11/18/2010.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8455672&pid=S1870-3542201100010000300009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">10. P. Gluck, <i>Phys. Educ.</i> <b>41</b> (2006) 117.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8455674&pid=S1870-3542201100010000300010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">11. Demostraci&oacute;n de levitaci&oacute;n ac&uacute;stica con paraca&iacute;das de juguete <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpNMBHXmNew">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpNMBHXmNew</a> last view: 11/18/2010.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8455676&pid=S1870-3542201100010000300011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
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