<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-249X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. Mex. Chem. Soc]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-249X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Química de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-249X2018000300067</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29356/jmcs.v62i3.452</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Microencapsulation of Potassium Phosphate in Chitosan and the Effect of Spray Drying Operating Variables on the Particle Size]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colorado Olivares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olivares-Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrera-Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Veracruzana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Xalapa Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Ecología AC Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Xalapa Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Ecología AC  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Xalapa Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>74</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-249X2018000300067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-249X2018000300067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-249X2018000300067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The use of biodegradable polymers to encapsulate fertilizers is one of the main tools that help to prevent them to get carried away by the irrigation water, since phosphate based fertilizers are highly soluble. Indeed, this technology might improve productivity and reduce both costs and environmental pollution. In this work potassium phosphate was encapsulated in chitosan, which is one of the most abundant natural and biodegradable polymers widely applied in agriculture for plant defense and yield increase, applying the encapsulation method of spray drying to provide a high encapsulation efficiency rates. A 2k factorial design was implemented to evaluate the effect of the different operational parameters of the spray dryer on the particle size, measured by scan electronic microscopy, then it was obtained the average particle sizes to be between 1.08 to 2.04 µm. The release of KH2PO4 from chitosan spheres of different sizes was performed in Milli-Q water and was measured using the conductometry technique. The experiments revealed that the parameter with the greatest effect was the feed rate, and that the system with the smallest particle size obtained (1.08 µm) showed a slower release without losing an important amount of encapsulation efficiency.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La encapsulación de fertilizantes en polímeros biodegradables es una de las principales herramientas empleadas que ayudan a prevenir que estos sean arrastrados por el agua de riego debido a que los fertilizantes base fosfato son extremadamente solubles. Estas partículas podrían mejorar la productividad y al mismo tiempo reducir costos y contaminación ambiental. En este trabajo se encapsuló fosfato de potasio en quitosano, uno de los polímeros naturales bioedegradables más abundantes ampliamente aplicados en agricultura para defensa e incremento de producción, aplicando el método de secado por aspersión para obtener altas eficiencias de encapsulación. Se implementó un diseño 2k para evaluar el efecto de los diferentes parámetros de operación del secador por aspersión sobre el tamaño de partícula, medido mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido, después se obtuvo que el tamaño promedio de partícula se encontró entre 1.08 to 2.04µm. La liberación del KH2PO4 de las esferas de quitosano de diferentes tamaños se realizó en agua Milli-Q y fue medida usando la técnica de conductimetría. Los experimentos revelaron que el parámetro con el mayor efecto fue el flujo de alimentación, y que el sistema con el menor tamaño de partícula obtenido (1.08 µm) mostró una liberación más lenta sin perder una importante cantidad de eficiencia de encapsulación.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Microencapsulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chitosan]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fertilizer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Phosphate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spray Dryer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Microencapsulación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Quitosano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fertilizante]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fosfato]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Secador por aspersión.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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