Zinc Electrodeposition from Chloride Solutions onto Glassy Carbon Electrode
Luis Humberto Mendoza–Huízar,1* Clara Hilda Rios–Reyes,1 and María Guadalupe Gómez–Villegas1
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo. C.P. 42184, México.Telephone: +52 (771) 717–2000 ext. 2203. *Responsible author: hhuizar@uaeh.edu.mx.
Received August 10, 2009
Accepted January 28, 2010
Abstract
An electrochemical study of zinc deposition was carried out in baths containing 0.5 M ZnCl2 and 0.4 M H3BO3. From the voltammetric study it was found that, in our experimental conditions, zinc electrodeposition is quasi–reversible and occurs under charge transfer control. The average coefficient diffusion calculated was D = 7.14 × 10–6 cm2s–1 while the standard constant at electrode charge was 8.78 × 10–3 cms–1. The nucleation and growth parameters determined from the potentiostatic study showed that, at bigger overpotentials, a vertical growth is favored, suggesting a dendritic growth. The critical cluster's size calculated was 2, indicating that each active site is formed by two zinc atoms on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface, while the ΔG for the formation of stable nucleus was 1.35 × 10–20 J/nuclei. The Scanning Electron Microscopy images showed thin platelets of hexagonal crystals and dendrites at lower and higher overpotentials applied, respectively.
Key words: Zinc, Quasi–reversible, Charge transfer control, Kinetic study, Nucleation.
Resumen
Se realizó un estudio electroquímico del proceso de deposito de zinc a partir de baños que contienen 0.5 M ZnCl2 y 0.4 M H3BO3. Del estudio voltamperométrico se encontró que, en nuestras condiciones experimentales, la electrodepositación del zinc es cuasi reversible y ocurre bajo un control por transferencia de carga. El coeficiente de difusión calculado fue D = 7.14 × 10–6 cm2s–1 mientras que la constante de velocidad estándar del electrodo fue 8.78 × 10–3 cms–1. Los parámetros de nucleación y crecimiento obtenidos a partir del estudio potenciostático; mostraron que a grandes sobrepotenciales la velocidad de crecimiento perpendicular se favorece, sugiriendo un crecimiento dendrítico. El tamaño crítico de núcleo calculado fue de 2, indicando que cada sitio activo está formado por dos átomos de zinc en la superficie del electrodo de carbón vitreo (GCE). La ΔG requerida para formar un núcleo estable fue de 1.35 × 10–20 J/núcleo. Las imágenes obtenidas por medio de microscopia electrónica de barrido mostraron cristales hexagonales planos y dendritas a bajos y altos sobrepotenciales, respectivamente.
Palabras claves: Zinc, cuasi–reversible, transferencia de carga, cinética, nucleación.
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]]>Acknowledgments
We gratefully acknowledge financial support from CONACyT project APOY–COMPL–2008 No. 91261 and to the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. We are also grateful to the reviewers of the manuscript for valuable suggestions.
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