<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-6423</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of applied research and technology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. appl. res. technol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-6423</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-64232011000300009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Acoustic Emission Technique, an Overview as a Characterization Tool in Materials Science]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ríos-Soberanis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mérida Yucatán]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>367</fpage>
<lpage>379</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-64232011000300009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-64232011000300009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-64232011000300009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In order to predict the mechanical behavior of a composite during its service life, it is important to evaluate its mechanical response under different types of external stresses by studying the initiation and development of cracks and the effects induced by damage and degradation. The onset of damage is related to the structural integrity of the component and its fatigue life. For this, among other reasons, non-destructive techniques such as acoustic emission (AE) have been widely used nowadays for composite materials characterization. This method has demonstrated excellent results on detecting and identifying initiations sites, cracking propagation and fracture mechanisms of polymer matrix composite and ceramic materials. This paper focuses on commenting the importance of the acoustic emission technique as a unique tool for characterizing mechanical parameters in response to external stresses and degradation processes by reviewing previous investigations carried out by the author as participant. Acoustic emission was employed to monitor the micro-failure mechanisms in composites in relation to the stress level in real-time during the tests carried out. Some results obtained from different analysis are discussed to support the significance of using AE, technique that will be increasingly employed in the composite materials field due to its several alternatives for understanding the mechanical behavior; therefore, the objective of this manuscript is to involve the benefits and advantages of AE in the characterization of materials.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Para lograr una predicción de las propiedades mecánicas de un material compuesto durante su vida en servicio, es importante evaluar su respuesta mecánica bajo diversos tipos de esfuerzos externos estudiando la iniciación y desarrollo de grietas así como los efectos inducidos por el daño y la degradación. El inicio del daño está relacionado con la integridad estructural del componente y su vida en fatiga. Por esta razón, entre otras, técnicas no destructivas tales como la emisión acústica (EA) han sido ampliamente empleadas en la caracterización de materiales. Este método ha demostrado excelentes resultados en la detección y determinación de los sitios de iniciación, propagación de grietas y mecanismos de fractura en compuestos de matriz polimérica y cerámica. Este artículo se enfoca en remarcar la importancia de la técnica EA como una herramienta única para la caracterización de los parámetros mecánicos en respuesta a esfuerzos externos y el proceso de degradación. La emisión acústica fue empleada para monitorear los mecanismos de micro-falla en compositos en relación al nivel de esfuerzo en tiempo real durante la prueba llevada a cabo. Resultados obtenidos de diferentes análisis son discutidos para apoyar la importancia de utilizar EA., técnica que será empleada en mayor demanda en el campo de los materiales compuestos debido a sus diversas alternativas para comprender el comportamiento mecánico; por lo tanto, el objetivo de este escrito es involucrar los beneficios y ventajas de la técnica EA en la caracterización de materiales.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Polymer matrix]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mechanical properties]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cermets]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[acoustic emission]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Acoustic Emission Technique, an Overview as a Characterization Tool in Materials Science</b></font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>C. R. R&iacute;os&#150;Soberanis</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n Cient&iacute;fica de Yucat&aacute;n Calle 43 No. 130 C.P. 97200 M&eacute;rida, Yucat&aacute;n, Mexico. E&#150;mail:</i> <a href="mailto:rolando@cicy.mx">rolando@cicy.mx</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>ABSTRACT</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">In order to predict the mechanical behavior of a composite during its service life, it is important to evaluate its mechanical response under different types of external stresses by studying the initiation and development of cracks and the effects induced by damage and degradation. The onset of damage is related to the structural integrity of the component and its fatigue life. For this, among other reasons, non&#150;destructive techniques such as acoustic emission (AE) have been widely used nowadays for composite materials characterization. This method has demonstrated excellent results on detecting and identifying initiations sites, cracking propagation and fracture mechanisms of polymer matrix composite and ceramic materials. This paper focuses on commenting the importance of the acoustic emission technique as a unique tool for characterizing mechanical parameters in response to external stresses and degradation processes by reviewing previous investigations carried out by the author as participant. Acoustic emission was employed to monitor the micro&#150;failure mechanisms in composites in relation to the stress level in real&#150;time during the tests carried out. Some results obtained from different analysis are discussed to support the significance of using AE, technique that will be increasingly employed in the composite materials field due to its several alternatives for understanding the mechanical behavior; therefore, the objective of this manuscript is to involve the benefits and advantages of AE in the characterization of materials.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Polymer matrix, mechanical properties, cermets, acoustic emission.</font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>RESUMEN</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Para lograr una predicci&oacute;n de las propiedades mec&aacute;nicas de un material compuesto durante su vida en servicio, es importante evaluar su respuesta mec&aacute;nica bajo diversos tipos de esfuerzos externos estudiando la iniciaci&oacute;n y desarrollo de grietas as&iacute; como los efectos inducidos por el da&ntilde;o y la degradaci&oacute;n. El inicio del da&ntilde;o est&aacute; relacionado con la integridad estructural del componente y su vida en fatiga. Por esta raz&oacute;n, entre otras, t&eacute;cnicas no destructivas tales como la emisi&oacute;n ac&uacute;stica (EA) han sido ampliamente empleadas en la caracterizaci&oacute;n de materiales. Este m&eacute;todo ha demostrado excelentes resultados en la detecci&oacute;n y determinaci&oacute;n de los sitios de iniciaci&oacute;n, propagaci&oacute;n de grietas y mecanismos de fractura en compuestos de matriz polim&eacute;rica y cer&aacute;mica. Este art&iacute;culo se enfoca en remarcar la importancia de la t&eacute;cnica EA como una herramienta &uacute;nica para la caracterizaci&oacute;n de los par&aacute;metros mec&aacute;nicos en respuesta a esfuerzos externos y el proceso de degradaci&oacute;n. La emisi&oacute;n ac&uacute;stica fue empleada para monitorear los mecanismos de micro&#150;falla en compositos en relaci&oacute;n al nivel de esfuerzo en tiempo real durante la prueba llevada a cabo. Resultados obtenidos de diferentes an&aacute;lisis son discutidos para apoyar la importancia de utilizar EA., t&eacute;cnica que ser&aacute; empleada en mayor demanda en el campo de los materiales compuestos debido a sus diversas alternativas para comprender el comportamiento mec&aacute;nico; por lo tanto, el objetivo de este escrito es involucrar los beneficios y ventajas de la t&eacute;cnica EA en la caracterizaci&oacute;n de materiales.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/jart/v9n3/v9n3a9.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b><i>References</i></b></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;1&#93; Giordano M, Calabro A, Esposito C, D'Amore A and Nicolais L, An Acoustic&#150;Emission Characterization of the Failure Modes in Polymer&#150;Composite Materials, Composites Science and Technology, Vol 58, 1998, pp. 1923&#150;1928.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4827835&pid=S1665-6423201100030000900001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;2&#93; Bohse J, Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Micro&#150;Failure Processes in Polymer Blends and Composites, Composites Science and Technology, Vol 60, 2000, pp. 1213&#150;1226.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4827837&pid=S1665-6423201100030000900002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;3&#93; Lieu YK, Shih WK and Jang BZ, Controlled Energy Dissipation in Fibrous Composites. 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