<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-6423</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of applied research and technology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. appl. res. technol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-6423</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-64232005000200002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ac-electrokinetics based tools in nanoengineering and molecular electronics]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zehe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Facultad de Ciencias de la Electrónica Departamento de Posgrado]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Puebla ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>89</fpage>
<lpage>103</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-64232005000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-64232005000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-64232005000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Silicon-based microelectronics has been following the integration prognosis of MOORE's Law during the past decades and possibly will do so for another decade or two. Physical, technological and also financial limits in the foreseeable future will slow down the continued expansion of this branch of microelectronics and instead will force a new technological approach based on molecular-scale electronics (MOLETRONICS). New tools are needed to allow molecular device manufacturing and nanoscale engineering with high precision and productivity. One group of methods with the potential for use in such a manufacturing process is based on a.c. electrokinetics effects, which are described and discussed in this paper.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[La microelectrónica en base a silicio ha seguido la prognosis de integración según la ley de MOORE durante las décadas pasadas, y posiblemente continuará así por otra década más. Límites físicos, tecnológicos y también financieros en el futuro cercano reducirán la razón de expansión de esta rama microelectrónica, y en su lugar generará una aproximación tecnológica novedosa, que se basa sobre la electrónica a escala molecular (MOLETRÓNICA). Se requieren nuevas herramientas, que permitan la fabricación de dispositivos moleculares y la ingeniería a escala nanométrica con alta precisión y productividad. Un grupo de métodos con el potencial de ser usado en tal proceso de fabricación se basa en efectos electrocinéticos en campos eléctricos alternos, que en el presente trabajo se describe y discute.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Embedded Electrokinetics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dielectrophoresis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Electrorotation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dielectric Polarization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nanoengineering]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Ac&#45;electrokinetics based tools in nanoengineering and molecular electronics</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>A. Ram&iacute;rez, A. Zehe &amp; R. Dur&aacute;n</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Benem&eacute;rita Universidad Aut&oacute;noma de Puebla, Facultad de Cs. de la Electr&oacute;nica, Dept. Posgrado, Apdo. Post. # 1505, 72000 Puebla, Pue., M&eacute;xico.</i> <a href="mailto:aramirs@siu.buap.mx">aramirs@siu.buap.mx</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Received: May 28<sup>th</sup>, 2003.    <br> Accepted: April 21<sup>th</sup>, 2005.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"> <b>Abstract</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Silicon&#45;based microelectronics has been following the integration prognosis of MOORE's Law during the past decades and possibly will do so for another decade or two. Physical, technological and also financial limits in the foreseeable future will slow down the continued expansion of this branch of microelectronics and instead will force a new technological approach based on molecular&#45;scale electronics (MOLETRONICS). New tools are needed to allow molecular device manufacturing and nanoscale engineering with high precision and productivity. One group of methods with the potential for use in such a manufacturing process is based on a.c. electrokinetics effects, which are described and discussed in this paper.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Embedded Electrokinetics, Dielectrophoresis, Electrorotation, Dielectric Polarization, Nanoengineering.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">La microelectr&oacute;nica en base a silicio ha seguido la prognosis de integraci&oacute;n seg&uacute;n la ley de MOORE durante las d&eacute;cadas pasadas, y posiblemente continuar&aacute; as&iacute; por otra d&eacute;cada m&aacute;s. L&iacute;mites f&iacute;sicos, tecnol&oacute;gicos y tambi&eacute;n financieros en el futuro cercano reducir&aacute;n la raz&oacute;n de expansi&oacute;n de esta rama microelectr&oacute;nica, y en su lugar generar&aacute; una aproximaci&oacute;n tecnol&oacute;gica novedosa, que se basa sobre la electr&oacute;nica a escala molecular (MOLETR&Oacute;NICA). Se requieren nuevas herramientas, que permitan la fabricaci&oacute;n de dispositivos moleculares y la ingenier&iacute;a a escala nanom&eacute;trica con alta precisi&oacute;n y productividad. Un grupo de m&eacute;todos con el potencial de ser usado en tal proceso de fabricaci&oacute;n se basa en efectos electrocin&eacute;ticos en campos el&eacute;ctricos alternos, que en el presente trabajo se describe y discute.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="verdana"><a href="../pdf/jart/v3n2/v3n2a2.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>ACKNOWLEDGEMENT</b></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Financial support of the BUAP through grant III 35 G02 (2003) is kindly acknowledged.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>REFERENCES</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;1&#93; Drexler K.E., Molecular Engineering: an Approach to the Development, of General Capabilities for Molecular Manipulation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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