<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-5346</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de economía y finanzas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. econ. finanz]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-5346</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-53462020000400725</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21919/remef.v15i4.496</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Causality and Stationarity with Structural Break in Electricity Consumption and GDP per capita in Mexico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Causalidad y estacionariedad con cambio estructural en consumo de electricidad y PIB per cápita en México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[German-Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>725</fpage>
<lpage>744</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-53462020000400725&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-53462020000400725&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-53462020000400725&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Electricity is the key in most production processes, therefore understanding causality, cointegration, and stationarity between electricity consumption and production is the starting point in the debate on its economic effects. Vector error correction model (VECM) and cointegration models, besides stationarity tests with structural break, were used to examine this relationship in Mexico over the period 1940-2018. Results support the hypothesis but only after to consider the structural change highlighted by the trade opening, since causality, stationarity, and cointegration can only be demonstrated by partitioning the period by 1985, the production per capita breakpoint. In the first stage of the series, causality ran from electricity to product, while in the second stage it was bidirectional. It is recommended to adapt the electricity programs to changes in the political arena. The originality of this contribution lies in the long-term analysis of the energy sector, emphasizing the importance of the breakpoints. Despite of some sensitivity performing the regression analysis, the conclusions recommend a strengthening of the energy sector as a feasible means of recovering the sustained growth achieved by Mexico in other times.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La electricidad es clave en la mayoría de los procesos de producción, por tanto, entender causalidad, cointegración y estacionariedad entre consumo de electricidad y producción es un punto de partida en el debate de sus efectos económicos. Modelos de corrección de errores (VECM) y cointegración, junto a pruebas de estacionariedad, examinan esta relación en México durante 1940-2018. Los resultados apoyan esta hipótesis, pero después de considerar el cambio estructural subrayado por la apertura comercial, ya que causalidad, estacionariedad y cointegración solo pueden demostrarse dividiendo el periodo en 1985, fecha de quiebre estimada para producto per cápita. En la primera etapa, la causalidad corrió de electricidad a producto, mientras que en la segunda fue bidireccional. Se recomienda adaptar los programas de electricidad a cambios en la esfera política. La originalidad de esta contribución descansa en el análisis de largo plazo del sector de energía enfatizando la importancia de quiebres estructurales. A pesar de alguna sensibilidad al ejecutar las regresiones, las conclusiones recomiendan fortalecer el sector de energía como medio factible de recuperar el crecimiento sostenido que México alcanzó en otros tiempos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Energy consumption]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[income]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[causality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[unit roots]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[structural break]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Consumo de energía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ingresos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[causalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[raíces unitarias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cambio estructural]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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