<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-5044</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de neurociencia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. neurocienc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-5044</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Mexicana de Neurología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-50442023000100008</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/rmn.22000067</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Incidence of congenital malformations of the central nervous system in newborns in Chiapas, Mexico, and associated factors]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Incidencia de malformaciones congénitas del sistema nervioso central y factores asociados en recién nacidos de Chiapas, México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enríquez-Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Balbuena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Megchún-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Briones-Aranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital &#8220;Dr. Jesús Gilberto Gómez Maza&#8221; Departamento de Enseñanza e Investigación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tuxtla Gutiérrez ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas Facultad de Ciencias Odontológicas y Salud Pública ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tuxtla Gutiérrez ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas Departamento de Pediatría ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tuxtla Gutiérrez ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas Facultad de Medicina Humana ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tuxtla Gutiérrez ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>8</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-50442023000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-50442023000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-50442023000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Malformations of the central nervous system (CNS), the type of congenital defect second only to cardiac malformations, cause infant disability and mortality.  Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of congenital malformations of the CNS in newborns treated at a regional public hospital in Southern Mexico and explore the associated factors.  Methods: This descriptive study included 113 newborns with CNS malformations. A specific diagnosis was provided and information was obtained from the parents in relation to age, schooling, occupation, prenatal control, intake of folic acid, and exposure to pesticides. A database was created in the statistical program Epi Info version 3.4.3 to carry out univariate and bivariate analyses using the Chi-square test, with significance considered at p &lt; 0.05.  Results: The most frequent malformations were hydrocephalus (45.1%), Arnold-Chiari (32.7%), and encephalocele (8.0%). Of the 113 newborns herein examined, a greater percentage of congenital malformations was found when the first pregnancy took place in mothers 12-19 versus over 19 years of age (78.8% vs. 21.2%, respectively; p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, 40.2% of mothers were exposed to insecticides and 39.8% to herbicides and/or fungicides before or during pregnancy. Only 15.4% of the mothers consumed folic acid during the first trimester of pregnancy.  Conclusion: The incidence of congenital abnormalities of the CNS in newborns is a serious problem, perhaps associated with exposure of the mother to pesticides and a deficient intake of folic acid. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen prenatal care and health literacy to help reduce the occurrence of these disorders.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: Las malformaciones congénitas del sistema nervioso central (SNC) son el segundo defecto congénito más común después de las malformaciones cardiacas y pueden asociarse a mortalidad y discapacidad infantil.  Objetivo: estudiar la incidencia de las principales malformaciones congénitas del SNC y factores asociados en recién nacidos atendidos en un hospital público de segundo nivel en Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas.  Métodos: estudio descriptivo, que incluyó a 113 recién nacidos con malformaciones del SNC. Se precisó el diagnóstico, se obtuvo información de los padres: edad, escolaridad, ocupación, control prenatal, ingesta de ácido fólico, exposición a plaguicidas. Se integró una base de datos en el programa estadístico Epi Info versión 3.4.3, se realizó un análisis univariado y bivariado mediante la prueba chi cuadrada y un valor p &lt; 0.05 se consideró un resultado significativo.  Resultados: las malformaciones más frecuentes fueron: hidrocefalia (45.1%), Arnold-Chiari (32.7%) y encefalocele (8.0%). El porcentaje de casos fue más elevado (78.8%) en madres cuyo primer embarazo fue entre los 13 y 20 años (p &lt; 0.05). El 40.2% de las madres durante el embarazo estuvieron expuestas a insecticidas y 39.8% a herbicidas y fungicidas. Únicamente el 15.4% de las madres consumieron ácido fólico durante el primer trimestre del embarazo.  Conclusión: es grave y preocupante la alta incidencia de anormalidades congénitas del SNC, lo cual podrían estar asociado con la exposición de plaguicidas y deficiencias en la ingesta de ácido fólico. Consecuentemente se necesita fortalecer la atención prenatal y la alfabetización en salud para coadyuvar en la disminución de estos padecimientos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Congenital malformations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Risk factors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Central nervous system]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Folic acid]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pesticides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Malformaciones congénitas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sistema nervioso central]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ácido fólico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Plaguicidas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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