<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-4420</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Signos históricos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Sig. his]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-4420</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UAM, Unidad Iztapalapa, División de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-44202023000200096</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24275/shis.v25n50.03</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Helvecios y germanos: César y los crímenes de guerra]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Helvetii and germans: Caesar and war crimes]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Carrandi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>50</numero>
<fpage>96</fpage>
<lpage>133</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-44202023000200096&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-44202023000200096&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-44202023000200096&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El presente artículo analiza la política autoritaria de César en su etapa previa al consulado de la Galia. Ya en el período provincial, se centra en dos episodios igualmente ilegales: el exterminio de parte del pueblo helvecio primero, y de dos tribus germanas después. Ambas acciones fueron perpetradas por César en contra del derecho romano y del propio derecho fecial. Las fuentes refieren ejemplos análogos que refuerzan la idea de ilegalidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This article analyzes the authoritarian policy of Caesar in his previous stage to the consulate of Gaul. Already in the provincial stage, it focuses on two equally illegal episodes: the extermination of part of the Helvetian people first, and of two Germanic tribes later. Both actions were perpetrated by Caesar against Roman law and fecial law itself. The sources refer to similar examples that reinforce the idea of illegality.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Julio César]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[helvecios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[germanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[guerra ilegal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[derecho fecial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Julius Caesar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Helvetii]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Germans]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[illegal warfare]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fetial law]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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