Utilización de materiales a base de quitina y quitosano en la inmovilización de proteasas: efectos en su estabilización y aplicaciones

Utilization of chitin and chitosan based materials for protease immobilization: stabilization effects and applications

J.A. Salazar-Leyva¹, J. Lizardi-Mendoza¹, J.C. Ramírez-Suarez¹, G. García-Sánchez¹, J.M. Ezquerra-Brauer², E.M. Valenzuela-Soto¹, M.G. Carvallo-Ruiz¹, M.E. Lugo-Sánchez¹ y R. Pacheco-Aguilar¹*

¹ Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. Carretera a la Victoria, C.P. 83304. Hermosillo, Sonora, México. *Autor para la correspondencia. E-mail: rpacheco@ciad.mx Tel/Fax. 662-280-04-21 Ext. 525.

Received September 17, 2013.
Accepted November 20, 2013.

Resumen

Las enzimas proteolíticas poseen un amplio campo de aplicación en diversas áreas de la industria, por lo que la búsqueda de estrategias para optimizar su desempeño catalítico es de gran importancia. La inmovilización de enzimas en soportes sólidos es una tecnología que induce cambios a nivel estructural en los sistemas catalíticos inmovilizados, ocasionando que las características de reacción de estos se vea mejorada notablemente, permitiendo, además, la posibilidad de utilizar repetidamente a las enzimas inmovilizadas en un mismo proceso. La quitina y su derivado el quitosano, son compuestos que poseen propiedades funcionales que los convierten en excelentes materiales para ser utilizados como soportes en la inmovilización de enzimas. Este artículo de revisión discute los efectos que causa el proceso de inmovilización en materiales a base de quitina y quitosano sobre la estabilidad bioquímica y operacional de enzimas proteolíticas; de igual forma, se presentan algunas aplicaciones de los sistemas catalíticos inmovilizados.

Palabras clave: inmovilización, proteasas, quitina, quitosano, estabilidad.

Abstract

Keywords: immobilization, proteases, chitin, chitosan, stability.

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