Digestión anaerobia de lodo primario y secundario en dos reactores UASB en serie
Anaerobic digestion of primary and secondary sludge in two serial UASB reactors
J. Terreros–Mecalco1*, A. Olmos–Dichara3, A. Noyola–Robles2, F. Ramírez–Vives1 y O. Monroy–Hermosillo1
1 Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. P.A. 55–535, 09340 Iztapalapa, México D.F., México. * Autor para la correspondencia. E–mail: jesusterr@yahoo.com.mx Tel./Fax (+52) 5558046407
2 Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Procesos Ambientales. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. de México, 04510 México.
]]> 3 Departamento de Bioprocesos. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cd. de México, 07340 México.
Recibido 23 de Enero 2009
Aceptado 03 de Julio 2009
Resumen
En este trabajo, se estudió la hidrólisis en mesofilia (AM) y la estabilización bajo condiciones metanogénicas en termofília (MT), de una mezcla de lodo primario (LP) y lodo secundario (LS) en dos reactores de lecho de lodos de flujo ascendente (UASB) operados en serie. Los reactores AM y MT operaron a 32±2 °C y 56±1 °C, respectivamente, con diferentes proporciones de LP:LS en la alimentación, sin agitación ni recirculación y a diferentes tiempos de retención hidráulica (TRH). En el reactor AM los mejores resultados fueron en la etapa V, con 2 días de TRH, 18 días de retención de sólidos (TRS), con una proporción LP:LS (50:50), una carga orgánica volumétrica (Bv) de 3.6 kg DQO/m3.d., en donde se obtuvo una eficiencia de remoción de la materia orgánica (DQO) del 56.8%, una formación de DQO soluble del 48.3%, destrucción de sólidos suspendidos volátiles (SSV) de 68.6% con una velocidad de hidrólisis de 0.16 kg/m3.d. El reactor MT, presentó la mejor estabilización a 6 días de TRH, con una producción de 107.7 mLCH4 /KgSSVrem, un 66% en la destrucción de SSV, una eliminación de coliformes fecales de 8.5 log10 y una reducción de huevos de helminto del 85%. La separación en dos fases del tratamiento anaerobio de lodos, permitió obtener una mayor hidrólisis de la materia orgánica a TRS menores a los reportados en reactores completamente agitados y una reducción en los huevos de helminto similares a los reportados en la literatura.
Palabras clave: UASB, lodo, hidrólisis, patógenos, estabilización.
Abstract
]]> The present research studies of mesophilic hydrolysis (AM) and stabilization under thermophilic methanogenic conditions (MT) for a mixture of primary sludge (PS) and secondary sludge (SS) using two serial Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactors (UASB). The AM and MT reactors were operated at 32 ± 2 °C and 56 ± 1 °C, respectively with different rates of PS:SS in the supply, without stir or recirculation at different hydraulic retention times (HRT). The AM reactor showed the optimal results in the stage V, HRT of 2 days, solid retention times (SRT) of 18.1 for a PS:SS rate of 50:50, and volumetric loading (Bv) of 3.6 kg DQO/m3.d., and it was observed a COD removal efficiency of 56.8%, soluble COD production of 48.3%, volatile suspended solids (VSS) removal of 68.6% using a hydrolysis rate of 0.16 kg/m3.d. The MT reactor showed the optimal stabilization for HRT on the 6th day of operation, methane (CH4) production of 107.7 mL CH4/ Kg VSSremoved, VSS removal of 66%, faecal coliform elimination of 8.5 Log10 and reduction for helminth eggs of 85%. Partition in two stages of the sludge anaerobic treatment allowed us to achieve higher hydrolysis of the organic matter with lower SRT than those reported for completely stirred reactors; furthermore reduction of helminth eggs was similar to other previous reports.Keywords: UASB, sludge, hydrolysis, pathogens, stabilization.
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Agradecimientos
El primer autor agradece el apoyo al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) por la beca otorgada para cursar el doctorado en biotecnología dentro del programa de doctorado de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Iztapalapa, incluido en el padrón de Postgrados de Excelencia, con el convenio 471–0.
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