<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-1146</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. Med. Hosp. Infant. Mex.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-1146</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-11462021000500395</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/bmhim.20000311</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Body mass index in offspring of mothers with diabetes mellitus: follow-up at 2, 4, 6, and 8 years of age]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Índice de masa corporal en hijos de madres con diabetes mellitus: seguimiento a los 2, 4, 6 y 8 años de edad]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guido-Campuzano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martina A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Maya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alma M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Alonso Themann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poblano-Alcalá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Navarrete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gloria E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poblano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adrián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Dr. Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes Departamento de Seguimiento Pediátrico ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Cognitiva ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<fpage>395</fpage>
<lpage>403</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-11462021000500395&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-11462021000500395&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-11462021000500395&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Offspring of mothers with diabetes mellitus (DM) during pregnancy may be at high risk for developmental alterations. This study aimed to identify the effects of maternal pre- and gestational diabetes on the body mass index of infants and children at two, four, six, and eight years of age.  Methods: We studied children of mothers with type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes and a control group. Maternal and neonatal variables were analyzed for associations with children overweight/obesity.  Results: Mothers with DM were older than controls (32 ± 6 vs. 22 ± 6 years, p &lt; 0.001). The frequency of preeclampsia in mothers with DM was 28%. Gestational age and weight at birth were lower in infants from the groups of mothers with DM in comparison with controls (32.8 ± 3.1 vs. 36.4 ± 2.2 weeks, p &lt; 0.001, and 1,637 ± 600 vs. 2,208 ± 518 g, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). At 8 years of age, 47% of the offspring of mothers with DM type 2 had overweight/obesity (odds ratio (OR 8.25) 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-51, p = 0.01), while 27% of offspring of mothers with type 1 DM had overweight/obesity, and 10% of offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes presented overweight/obesity.  Conclusions: Offspring of pre-gestational DM mothers have a higher risk to develop overweight/obesity, as was observed with follow-up until school age, for which they require continuous vigilance.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: Los hijos de madres con diabetes mellitus durante el embarazo pueden tener un alto riesgo de alteraciones del desarrollo. El objetivo de este estudio fue buscar los efectos de la diabetes pregestacional y gestacional en el índice de masa corporal de niños a los 2, 4, 6 y 8 años de edad.  Métodos: Se estudiaron los hijos de madres con diabetes tipo 1, 2 y gestacional, así como un grupo control. Se analizaron las variables maternas y neonatales en búsqueda de una asociación con sobrepeso u obesidad en los niños.  Resultados: La edad de las madres con diabetes mellitus fue mayor que la del grupo control (32 ± 6 vs. 22 ± 6 años, p &lt; 0.001). La frecuencia de preeclampsia en las madres con diabetes mellitus fue del 28%. La edad gestacional y el peso al nacer fueron menores en los hijos de las madres con diabetes en comparación con los controles (32.8 ± 3.1 vs 36.4 ± 2.2 semanas, p &lt; 0.001, y 1,637 ± 600 vs. 2,208 ± 518 g, p &lt; 0.001, respectivamente). A los 8 años, el 47% de los hijos de madres con diabetes tipo 2 tuvieron sobrepeso u obesidad (RM: 8.25; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 1.3-51; p = 0.01), frente al 27% de los hijos de madres con diabetes tipo 1 y el 10% de los hijos de madres con diabetes gestacional.  Conclusiones: Los hijos de madres con diabetes pregestacional presentan un mayor riesgo de desarrollar sobrepeso u obesidad, como se observó en el seguimiento hasta la edad escolar, por lo que requieren una vigilancia continua.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diabetes mellitus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gestational diabetes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Body mass index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Obesity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Overweight]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Diabetes mellitus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Diabetes gestacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Índice de masa corporal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sobrepeso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Obesidad]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Danaei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finucane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cowan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paciorek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980:systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 370 country-years and 27 million participants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>378</volume>
<page-range>31-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[England]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Njoroge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gestational diabetes mellitus and risk of childhood overweight and obesity in offspring:a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Exp Diabetes Res]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>2011</volume>
<page-range>541308</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hardy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaturvedi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wadsworth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Birth weight, childhood growth and abdominal obesity in adult life]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>40-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dabelea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The predisposition to obesity and diabetes in offspring of diabetic mothers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetes Care]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>169-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehnen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zechner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haaf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epigenetics of gestational diabetes mellitus and offspring health:the time for action is in early stages of life]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mol Hum Reprod]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>415-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saunders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demianczuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gestational diabetes mellitus:prevalence, risk factors, maternal and infant outcomes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Gynecol Obstet]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>221-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deierlein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siega-Riz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chantala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The association between maternal glucose concentration and child BMI at age 3 years]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetes Care]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>480-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>American Diabetes Association</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Classification and diagnosis of diabetes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetes Care]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>7-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bancalari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson-Costello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iben]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Management of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in North America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Early Hum Dev]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<page-range>171-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Volpe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant-current concepts Part I]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Neurol]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>3-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lohman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martorell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anthropometric standardization reference manual]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Champaign (IL):Human Kinetics Books]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Habicht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mueller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reliability, dependability, and precision of anthropometric measurements. The second national health and nutrition examination survey 1976-1980]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>130</volume>
<page-range>578-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuczmarski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grummer-Strawn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flegal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States:methods and development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vital Health Stat 11]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>246</volume>
<page-range>1-190</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalagiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Afroze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raju]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Govande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diabetes and preeclampsia affecting pregnancy:a retrospective cross-sectional study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Investig Med]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<page-range>728-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preeclampsia:more than pregnancy-induced hypertension]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>341</volume>
<page-range>1447-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nankervis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanssen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scholz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henriksen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anti-angiogenic factors and preeclampsia in type 1 diabetic women]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetologia]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>160-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silverman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rizzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-term prospective evaluation of offspring of diabetic mothers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetes]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>121-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carroll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fryar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kruzson-Moran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trends in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States, 1988-1994 through 2013-2014]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>315</volume>
<page-range>2292-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cockrell-Skinner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ravanbakht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skelton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perrin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[-Amstrong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in US children, 1999-2016]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatrics]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>141</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The long-term effect of maternal gestational diabetes to both the mothers and their offspring [Thesis]]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hong Kong:The Chinese University of Hong Kong]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and offspring body mass index from 1 to 4 years]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endocr Pract]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>619-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pettitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knowler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diabetes and obesity in the offspring of Pima Indian women with diabetes during pregnancy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetes Care]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>310-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stewart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malhotra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gestational diabetes and the neonate:challenges and solutions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Res Report Neonatol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>2015</volume>
<page-range>31-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crume]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maligie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheffield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bischoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDuffie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-term impact of neonatal breastfeeding on childhood adiposity and fat distribution among children exposed to diabetes in utero]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetes Care]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>641-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Velez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[[In utero fetal programming and its impact on health in adulthood]]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Endocrinol Nutr]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>383-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
