<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-9940</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Archivos de cardiología de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Arch. Cardiol. Méx.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-9940</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-99402022000100011</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/acm.200001591</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Gender differences in cardiology professionals: A Latin American Survey]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diferencias de género en los profesionales de cardiología: una encuesta latinoamericana]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raymundo-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Grecia I.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alanis-Estrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araiza-Garaygordobil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Itzel V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gopar-Nieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabello-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Amezcua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" Cardiology Fellowship Training ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" Research Fellowship ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" Coronary Care Unit and Emergency Department ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Occupational Health Research Unit ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Baltimore ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>11</fpage>
<lpage>18</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-99402022000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-99402022000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-99402022000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Gender-based differences among cardiology professionals have been reported in North America and Europe. However, the perspective of Latin American cardiologists remains unexplored.  Objectives: The objectives of the study were to analyze the gender gap perspective among cardiologists from Latin America.  Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey directed to Latin American cardiologists from five different cardiology societies. The survey included questions on demographic data, professional development in the field of cardiology, and perceived barriers in clinical practice.  Results: A total of 240 professionals were surveyed, of which 41.7% were women (100) and 58.3% were men (140). The majority of women tend to work in the subfields of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular imaging. Women were underrepresented as heads of departments, earn less, and report less work satisfaction than men. The barriers that female cardiologists face at their workplace include labor discrimination, sexual harassment, family-related concerns, and lack of career development.  Conclusions: The survey points toward the prevalence of a gender gap among cardiologists in Latin America, which is primarily driven by labor discrimination, sexual harassment, family-related concerns, and lack of career development among female cardiologists. Actions aimed at addressing this issue should be considered by different parties.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes: Existen diferencias de género entre los profesionales en cardiología en Europa y Norteamérica. La perspectiva de este suceso en América Latina permanece inexplorado.  Objectivos: Analizar la perspectiva de la diferencia de género entre cardiólogos en América Latina.  Metodos: Estudio transversal en el que se usó un cuestionario en línea dirigido a profesionales en cardiología en América Latina. El cuestionario incluía datos demográficos, desarrollo profesional en el campo de la campo de la cardiología y la percepción de las barreras en la práctica clínica.  Resultados: un total de 240 profesionales fueron analizados, de los cuales 41.7% (100) fueron mujeres y 58.3% (140) fueron hombres. La mayoría de las mujeres suelen trabajar en el área de imagen cardiovascular. Se encontró subrepresentación del género femenino en jefaturas de departamento, tienen un menor salario y reportan menor satisfacción laboral en comparación con los hombres. Las barreas que enfrentan en su lugar de trabajo fueron discriminación laboral, acoso sexual y falta de desarrollo profesional.  Conclusiones: El cuestionario señala la prevalencia de la diferencia de género en América Latina, principalmente por discriminación laboral, acoso sexual y falta de desarrollo profesional. Se necesita tomar acciones interinstitucionales que vayan dirigidas a reducir y eliminar esta brecha.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gender inequality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cardiology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inequidad de género]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cardiología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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