<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-9940</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Archivos de cardiología de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Arch. Cardiol. Méx.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-9940</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-99402017000100026</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.acmx.2016.10.003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[De la tromboembolia pulmonar aguda a la hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica: implicaciones en la patobiología y fisiopatología]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[From acute pulmonary embolism to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Pathobiology and pathophysiology]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beltrán-Gámez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandoval-Zárate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tomás]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tijuana B.C.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México, D.F. ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México, D.F. ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>87</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>26</fpage>
<lpage>34</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-99402017000100026&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-99402017000100026&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-99402017000100026&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica (HPTEC) es un subtipo de hipertensión pulmonar (HP) caracterizada por la obstrucción mecánica de las arterias pulmonares causada por una tromboembolia pulmonar. Sin tratamiento es una enfermedad progresiva y devastadora, y es el único subgrupo de HP potencialmente curable mediante la endarterectomía pulmonar. La magnitud, así como la recurrencia de la embolia pulmonar, son determinantes y contribuyen al desarrollo de la HPTEC aun cuando está asociada solo a algunos factores trombofílicos. Una hipótesis es que la enfermedad es consecuencia de la resolución incompleta y la organización del trombo, favorecido por fenómenos de inflamación, inmunitarios y/o genéticos que promueven el desarrollo de estenosis de tipo fibroso que culminan con el remodelado vascular oclusivo de vasos proximales y distales. Los mecanismos involucrados en la fallida resolución del trombo aún no están esclarecidos. Los pacientes con HPTEC con frecuencia exhiben HP severa que no puede ser explicada por el grado de obstrucción vascular demostrada en estudios por imagen. En tales casos la arteriopatía pulmonar y las lesiones trombóticas obstructivas, distales al nivel subsegmentario, pueden contribuir al incremento fuera de proporción de las resistencias vasculares pulmonares. Los procesos que llevan al desarrollo de la arteriopatía pulmonar y los cambios microvasculares que ocurren en la HPTEC explican el comportamiento progresivo de la HP y el deterioro clínico gradual con pobre pronóstico para los pacientes, así como también la falta de correlación entre la magnitud de la obstrucción vascular y la medición de parámetros hemodinámicos, aun en ausencia de tromboembolismo venoso recurrente. Esta revisión resume los aspectos más relevantes y actuales de la patobiología y fisiopatología de la HPTEC.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) represents a unique subtype of pulmonary hypertension characterized by the presence of mechanical obstruction of the major pulmonary vessels caused by venous thromboembolism. CTEPH is a progressive and devastating disease if not treated, and is the only subset of PH potentially curable by a surgical procedure known as pulmonary endarterectomy. The clot burden and pulmonary embolism recurrence may contribute to the development of CTEPH however only few thrombophilic factors have been found to be associated. A current hypothesis is that CTEPH results from the incomplete resolution and organization of thrombus modified by inflammatory, immunologic and genetic mechanisms, leading to the development of fibrotic stenosis and adaptive vascular remodeling of resistance vessels. The causes of thrombus non-resolution have yet to be fully clarified. CTEPH patients often display severe PH that cannot be fully explained by the degree of pulmonary vascular obstruction apparent on imaging studies. In such cases, the small vessel disease and distal obstructive thrombotic lesions beyond the sub-segmental level may contribute for out of proportion elevated PVR. The processes implicated in the development of arteriopathy and microvascular changes might explain the progressive nature of PH and gradual clinical deterioration with poor prognosis, as well as lack of correlation between measurable hemodynamic parameters and vascular obstruction even in the absence of recurrent venous thromboembolism. This review summarizes the most relevant up-to-date aspects on pathobiology and pathophysiology of CTEPH.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tromboembolia pulmonar aguda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hipertensión pulmonar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Acute pulmonary embolism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pulmonary hypertension]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delcroix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Coll Cardiol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<page-range>D92&#8211;9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Konstantinides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torbicki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agnelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Heart J]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>3033&#8211;69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long term follow-up of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. Late prognosis and evolution of hemodynamic and respiratory data]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riedel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stanek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Widimsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<page-range>151&#8211;8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prognostic factors in medically treated patients with chronic pulmonary embolism]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewczuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piszko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jagas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<page-range>818&#8211;23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Improved outcomes in medically and surgically treated chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Condliffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kiely]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibbs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>177</volume>
<page-range>1122&#8211;7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fedulo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Auger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kerr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>345</volume>
<page-range>1465&#8211;72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Not so rare after all]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>350</volume>
<page-range>2236&#8211;8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary embolism]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pengo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lensing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>350</volume>
<page-range>2257&#8211;64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after a first episode of pulmonary embolism]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becattini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agnelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pesavento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>130</volume>
<page-range>172&#8211;5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidencia de hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica sintomática y asintomática]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Bronconeumol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>628&#8211;33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH): Results from an international prospective registry]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pepke-Zaba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delcroix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Circulation]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>1973&#8211;81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recent progress in the diagnosis and management of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sugiura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tatsumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Respir Investig]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>134&#8211;46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pulmonary endarterectomy: Recent changes in a single institution&#8217;s experience of more than 2,700 patients]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Auger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pretorius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Thorac Surg]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<page-range>97&#8211;103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[State-of-the-art chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension diagnosis and management]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Screaton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir Rev]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>32&#8211;9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is more sensitive than multidetector CTPA in detecting chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease as a treatable cause of pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tunariu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibbs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Win]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Nucl Med]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>680&#8211;4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Longitudinal analysis of perfusion lung scintigrams of patients with unoperated chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skoro-Sajer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becherer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klepetko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thromb Haemost]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<page-range>201&#8211;7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dual-energy CT angiography for assesssment of regional pulmonary perfusion in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Initial experience]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ET]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mirsadraee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pepke-Zaba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Roentgenol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>196</volume>
<page-range>524&#8211;32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[High prevalence of elevated clotting factor VIII in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonderman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turecek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jakowitsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thromb Haemost]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<page-range>372&#8211;6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thrombotic risk factors in pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boyer-Neumann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir J]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>395&#8211;9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk factors for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonderman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilkens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wakounig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir J]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>325&#8211;31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ABO (H) blood groups and vascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayoumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vickers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Thromb Haemost]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>62&#8211;9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Amount of H antigen expressed on circulating von Willebrand factor is modified by ABO blood group genotype and is a major determinant of plasma von Willebrand factor antigen levels]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Donnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boulton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>335&#8211;41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Role of clotting factor VIII in effect of von Willebrand factor on occurrence of deep-vein thrombosis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Briet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>345</volume>
<page-range>152&#8211;5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictors of outcome in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonderman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skoro-Sajer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jakowitsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Circulation]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<page-range>2153&#8211;8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Splenectomy and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ioos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jardim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thorax]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>1031&#8211;4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medical conditions increasing the risk of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonderman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jakowitsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adlbretch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thromb Haemost]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<page-range>512&#8211;6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Role for Staphylococci in misguided thrombus resolution of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonderman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jakowitsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redwan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Arterioescler Thromb Vasc Biol]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>678&#8211;84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk factors and basic mechanisms of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A current understanding]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pesavento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonderman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir J]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>462&#8211;8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Right ventricular dysfunction in chronic thromboembolic obstruction of the pulmonary artery: A pressure-volume study using the conductance catheter]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Appl Physiol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>116</volume>
<page-range>355&#8211;63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decreased time constant of the pulmonary circulation in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacKensey Ross Robert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toshner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>305</volume>
<page-range>H259&#8211;64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Successful surgical intervention in severe chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Braunwald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>29&#8211;35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pulmonary vascular lesions occurring in patients with chronic major vessel thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bloor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<page-range>685&#8211;92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoeper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simonneau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Circulation]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>113</volume>
<page-range>2011&#8211;20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Distribution of obstructive intimal lesions and their cellular phenotypes in chronic pulmonary hypertension: A morphometric and immunohistochemical study]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yi Es Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strother]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>162</volume>
<page-range>1577&#8211;86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identification of putative endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+CD133+Flk-1+) in endarterectomized tissue of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Firth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sacks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>296</volume>
<page-range>L870&#8211;8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dartevelle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fadel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mussot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir J]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>637&#8211;48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Selective upregulation of endothelin B receptor gene expression in severe pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilkens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Langer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Circulation]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<page-range>1034&#8211;6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pulmonary vascular remodeling distal to pulmonary artery ligation is accompanied by upregulation of endothelin receptors and nitric oxide synthase]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Exp Lung Res]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>287&#8211;301</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endothelin mediates pulmonary vascular remodelling in a canine model of chronic embolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir J]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>640&#8211;8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemodynamic and clinical correlates of endothelin-1 in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reesink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meijer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lutter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Circ J]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>1058&#8211;63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vascular endotelial growth factor enhances venous thrombus recanalisation and organisation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waltham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burnand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thromb Haemost]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<page-range>169&#8211;76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanisms of venous thrombosis and resolution]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wakefield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Myers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>387&#8211;91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of neo-vascularisation in the resolution of venous thrombus]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Modarai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burnand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Humphries]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thromb Haemost]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<page-range>801&#8211;9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Angiogenic and angiostatic factors in the molecular control of angiogenesis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Distler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurowska-Stolarska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Q J Nucl Med]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>149&#8211;61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vascular endotelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor are found in resolving venous thrombi]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waltham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burnand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Vasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>988&#8211;96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vascular endotelial growth factor naked DNA gene transfer enhances thrombus recanalization and resolution]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waltham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burnand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fenske]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Vasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>1183&#8211;9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endothelium and fibrinolysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Todd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atherosclerosis]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>137&#8211;40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fibrinolytic balance of the arterial wall: pulmonary artery displays increased fibrinolytic potential compared with aorta]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenhek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Korschineck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gharehbaghi-Schnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lab Invest]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<page-range>871&#8211;6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prognostic factors in restoration of pulmonary flow after submassive pulmonary embolism: A multiple regression analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menéndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nauffal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cremades]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir J]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>560&#8211;4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A reliable piglet model of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mercier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tivane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raoux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>183</volume>
<page-range>A2415</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Platelet endothelial cell adhesión molecule 1 deficiency misguides venous thrombus resolution]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kellermair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redwan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Blood]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<page-range>3376&#8211;84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[C-reactive protein: A new predictor of adverse outcome in pulmonary arterial hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quarck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nawrot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Coll Cardiol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>1211&#8211;28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and pulmonary vascular resistance in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kimura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>164</volume>
<page-range>319&#8211;24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cytokine response to pulmonary thromboendarterectomy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Langer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schramm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>126</volume>
<page-range>135&#8211;41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Angiostatic factors in the pulmonary endarterectomy material from chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients cause endothelial dysfunction]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zabini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagaraj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stacher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>e47793</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comprehensive analysis of inflammatory markers in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zabini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heinemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir J]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>951&#8211;62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Expression of type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Circulation]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<page-range>2715&#8211;21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Parallel analysis of tissue&#8211;type plasminogen activator and type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma and endothelial cells derived from patients with chronic pulmonary thromboemboli]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Circulation]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<page-range>706&#8211;12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Functional analysis of the fibrinogen A alpha Thr312Ala polymorphism: Effects on fibrin structure and function]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Standeven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Circulation]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<page-range>2326&#8211;30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fibrin derived from patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is resistant to lysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>173</volume>
<page-range>1270&#8211;5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fibrin resistance to lysis in patients with pulmonary hypertension other than thromboembolic]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miniati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiorillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becatti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>181</volume>
<page-range>992&#8211;6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[High prevalence of dysfibrinogenemia among patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Blood]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>114</volume>
<page-range>1929&#8211;36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fibrinogen A Thr312Ala polimorphism is associated with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suntharalingam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldsmith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Marion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir J]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>736&#8211;41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fibrinogen A Thr312Ala polimorphism specifically contributes to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension by increasing fibrin resistance]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>e69635</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension-associated dysfibrinogenemias exhibit disorganized fibrin structure]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thromb Res]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>132</volume>
<page-range>729&#8211;34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells are present in endarterectomized tissues from patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Firth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am Physiol J Cell Physiol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>298</volume>
<page-range>C1217&#8211;25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of myofibroblasts in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maruoka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kantake]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Cardiol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>159</volume>
<page-range>119&#8211;27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endothelial-like cells in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Crosstalk with myofibroblast-like cells]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Respir Res]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>109</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Defective angiogenesis delays thrombus resolution: A potential pathogenetic mechanism underlying chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redwan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panzenböck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>810&#8211;9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pulmonary microvascular disease in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pro Am Thorac Soc]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>571&#8211;6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marshall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kerr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Auger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Chest Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>779&#8211;97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relevant issues in the pathology and pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Archer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dorfmuller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Coll Cardiol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<page-range>D4&#8211;12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microvascular disease in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A role for pulmonary veins and systemic vasculature]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dorfmüller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gunther]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghigna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir J]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>1275&#8211;88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regression of the systemic vasculature to the lung after removal of pulmonary artery obstruction]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fadel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wijtenburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>173</volume>
<page-range>345&#8211;9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reperfusion pulmonary edema after pulmonary artery thromboendarterectomy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shure]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am Rev Respir Dis]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>134</volume>
<page-range>1241&#8211;5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The use of cylexin (CY-1503) in prevention of reperfusion lung injury in patients undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kerr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Auger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>162</volume>
<page-range>14&#8211;20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Massive hemorrhage after pulmonary endarterectomy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manecke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotzur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<page-range>672&#8211;5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B78">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy of metilprednisolone in preventing lung injury following pulmonary thromboendarterectomy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kerr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Auger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>141</volume>
<page-range>27&#8211;35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
