<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-888X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[TIP. Revista especializada en ciencias químico-biológicas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[TIP]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-888X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-888X2020000100203</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fesz.23958723e.2020.0.214</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Microbiological approaches for the treatment of spent catalysts]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Enfoques microbiológicos para el tratamiento de catalizadores agotados]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas-Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Avelizapa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norma G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Tecnológica de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tizayuca Hidalgo]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Querétaro Querétaro]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-888X2020000100203&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-888X2020000100203&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-888X2020000100203&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are widely used for diverse industrial processes in order to produce clean fuels and many other valuable products, being spent hydroprocessing catalysts the major solid wastes of the refinery industries and the main contribution to the generation of spent catalysts. Because of its hazardous nature, the treatment and metal recovery from this kind of residues has gained increasing importance, due to the depletion of natural resources and environmental pollution. Although there are techniques already available for these purposes, they generate large volumes of potentially risky wastes and produce the emission of harmful gases. Thus, biotechnological techniques may represent a promissory alternative for the biotreatment and recovery of metals contained in spent catalysts. To this end, diverse microorganisms, comprising bacteria, archaea and fungi, have been analyzed to characterize their metal removal abilities from spent catalysts. A broad scenario about the advances regarding to the management and traditional treatment of spent catalysts is presented, followed by a detailed overview of the microbiological biotreatment approaches reported to date.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Los catalizadores, homogéneos o heterogéneos, son ampliamente utilizados para una gran variedad de procesos industriales, con el fin de producir combustibles limpios y muchos otros productos valiosos, siendo los catalizadores agotados provenientes del hidroprocesamiento los mayores residuos sólidos de la industria de la refinería y la contribución principal a la generación de catalizadores agotados. Debido a su naturaleza peligrosa, el tratamiento y la recuperación de metales de este tipo de residuos han ganado cada vez más importancia, debido al agotamiento de los recursos naturales y a la contaminación ambiental. Aunque ya existen técnicas disponibles para estos fines, éstas generan grandes volúmenes de desechos potencialmente peligrosos y producen emisiones de gases nocivos. Por lo tanto, las técnicas biotecnológicas pueden representar una alternativa promisoria para el biotratamiento y la recuperación de metales contenidos en los catalizadores agotados. Con este fin, se han analizado diversos microorganismos, que comprenden bacterias, arqueobacterias y hongos, capacitados para facilitar la eliminación de los metales contenidos en estos catalizadores. En esta revisión se presenta un amplio escenario sobre los avances con respecto al manejo de los catalizadores agotados y su tratamiento tradicional, seguido de una descripción detallada sobre los enfoques microbiológicos reportados hasta la actualidad.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spent catalysts]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biotreatment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biometallurgy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biolixiviation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[metal bioremoval]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[catalizador agotado o gastado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biotratamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biometalurgia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biolixiviación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bioremoción de metales]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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