<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-5546</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Computación y Sistemas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comp. y Sist.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-5546</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Computación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-55462011000300009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Hacia métodos de análisis de datos espaciales raster en el nivel semántico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Towards Raster Spatial Analysis Methods at the Semantic Level]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaime]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eydel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rainer]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Aplicaciones de Tecnologías de Avanzada  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>91</fpage>
<lpage>106</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-55462011000300009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-55462011000300009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-55462011000300009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), debido a sus aplicaciones en el análisis y recuperación de la información geo-gráfica, se han convertido en una necesaria herramienta para la ayuda a la toma de decisiones. Con el surgimiento de la Geosemántica, un nuevo enfoque en la recuperación y análisis de información espacial se impone, recuperar y analizar la información por su significado semántico. El presente trabajo pretende hacer una síntesis de las diferentes técnicas y métodos a través de los cuales los SIG han venido recuperando la información espacial, llegando hasta las nuevas pro-puestas que incluyen la semántica, enfocándose en el modelo de datos raster, específicamente en la técnica de superposición de mapas y la problemática de la naturaleza heterogénea de los datos geográficos. Por lo que se plantea la necesidad de encontrar métodos que tomen en cuenta esta limitante y permitan trabajar con los datos mezclados de manera simultánea.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Geographic Information Systems (GIS), due to their applications in analysis and geographic information retrieval, have become a necessary tool to aid decision making. After the emergence of Geosemantic a new approach in the retrieval and analysis of spatial information is imposed, retrieve and analyze information by its semantic meaning. This paper aims to summarize the different techniques and methods by which GIS has been recovering spatial information reaching new proposals that include semantics, focusing on the raster data model specifically the map overlay technique and the problem of the heterogeneous nature of geographic data. As there is a need to find methods that takes into account this limitation and allows working with mixed data simultaneously.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Recuperación y análisis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ontologías y datos raster]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Retrieval and analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ontologies and raster data]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Art&iacute;culos</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Hacia m&eacute;todos de an&aacute;lisis de datos espaciales raster en el nivel sem&aacute;ntico</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="3"><b>Towards Raster Spatial Analysis Methods at the Semantic Level</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Eydel Jaime, Rainer Lar&iacute;n y Eduardo Garea</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Centro de Aplicaciones de Tecnolog&iacute;as de Avanzada, La Habana, Cuba. E&#150;mail:</i> <a href="mailto:ejaime@cenatav.co.cu">ejaime@cenatav.co.cu</a>, <a href="mailto:rlarin@cenatav.co.cu">rlarin@cenatav.co.cu</a>, <a href="mailto:egarea@cenatav.co.cu">egarea@cenatav.co.cu</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Art&iacute;culo recibido el 14 de febrero de 2011.    <br> Aceptado el 30 de junio de 2011.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Los Sistemas de Informaci&oacute;n Geogr&aacute;fica (SIG), debido a sus aplicaciones en el an&aacute;lisis y recuperaci&oacute;n de la informaci&oacute;n geo&#150;gr&aacute;fica, se han convertido en una necesaria herramienta para la ayuda a la toma de decisiones.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Con el surgimiento de la Geosem&aacute;ntica, un nuevo enfoque en la recuperaci&oacute;n y an&aacute;lisis de informaci&oacute;n espacial se impone, recuperar y analizar la informaci&oacute;n por su significado sem&aacute;ntico. El presente trabajo pretende hacer una s&iacute;ntesis de las diferentes t&eacute;cnicas y m&eacute;todos a trav&eacute;s de los cuales los SIG han venido recuperando la informaci&oacute;n espacial, llegando hasta las nuevas pro&#150;puestas que incluyen la sem&aacute;ntica, enfoc&aacute;ndose en el modelo de datos raster, espec&iacute;ficamente en la t&eacute;cnica de superposici&oacute;n de mapas y la problem&aacute;tica de la naturaleza heterog&eacute;nea de los datos geogr&aacute;ficos. Por lo que se plantea la necesidad de encontrar m&eacute;todos que tomen en cuenta esta limitante y permitan trabajar con los datos mezclados de manera simult&aacute;nea. </font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave: </b>Recuperaci&oacute;n y an&aacute;lisis, ontolog&iacute;as y datos raster.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Geographic Information Systems (GIS), due to their applications in analysis and geographic information retrieval, have become a necessary tool to aid decision making.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">After the emergence of Geosemantic a new approach in the retrieval and analysis of spatial information is imposed, retrieve and analyze information by its semantic meaning. This paper aims to summarize the different techniques and methods by which GIS has been recovering spatial information reaching new proposals that include semantics, focusing on the raster data model specifically the map overlay technique and the problem of the heterogeneous nature of geographic data. As there is a need to find methods that takes into account this limitation and allows working with mixed data simultaneously.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Retrieval and analysis, ontologies and raster data.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/cys/v15n1/v15n1a9.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Referencias</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>1. Bosque, J. (1994). </b><i>Sistemas de Informaci&oacute;n Geogr&aacute;fica: pr&aacute;cticas con PC ARC/INFO e IDRISI. </i>Madrid: RA&#150;MA.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2054017&pid=S1405-5546201100030000900001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>2. Dougherty, J., Kohavi R. &amp; Sahami M. (1995). </b>Supervised and unsupervised discretization of continuous features. <i>12th International Conference on Machine Learning, </i>San Francisco, CA, USA, 194&#150;202.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2054019&pid=S1405-5546201100030000900002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>3. </b>Geographic information systems in sustainable development. (June, 2004,). Retrieved from <a href="http://www.fao.org/SD/eidirect/gis/eigis000.htm" target="_blank">http://www.fao.org/SD/eidirect/gis/eigis000.htm</a>.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2054021&pid=S1405-5546201100030000900003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>4. Graeff, B. (2001). </b>Querying Raster Data Structures &#150;Probabilistic and non&#150;probabilistic approaches on knowledge based template matching methods. <i>Vistas for Geodesy in the new Millennium, IAG 2001 Scientific Assembly, </i>Budapest, Hungary. 371&#150;376.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2054023&pid=S1405-5546201100030000900004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>5. Graeff, B. &amp; Carosio A. (2002). </b>Automatic interpretation of raster&#150;based topographic maps by means of queries. <i>Spatial Information in Mapping and Cadastral Systems. FIG XXII International Congress, </i>Washington D.C, USA, 1&#150;12.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2054025&pid=S1405-5546201100030000900005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>6. Larin, R. &amp; Garea E. (2010). </b>Automatic representation of semantic abstraction of geographical data by means of classification. <i>Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis, Computer Vision, and Applications. Lectures Notes in Computer Science, </i>6419, 557&#150;568.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2054027&pid=S1405-5546201100030000900006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>7. Lumijarvi, J., Laurikkala J. &amp; Juhola (2004). </b>A comparison of different heterogeneous proximity functions and Euclidean distance. In M. Fieschi, E. Coeira &amp; Li, YC (Eds), <i>Medinfo 2004: Proceedings of the 11th World Congress On Medical Informatics, </i>(1362&#150;1366). Amsterdam: IOS Press.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2054029&pid=S1405-5546201100030000900007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>8. Mart&iacute;nez, J. F. &amp; Guzm&aacute;n A. (2001). </b>The logical combinatorial approach to Pattern Recognition, An overview through selected works. <i>Pattern Recognition, </i>34 (4), 741&#150;751.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2054031&pid=S1405-5546201100030000900008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>9. Merz, C. J. &amp; Murphy P. M. (1998). </b><i>UCI Repository of Machine Learning Databases. </i>Department of Information and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, USA.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2054033&pid=S1405-5546201100030000900009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>10. Oliva, R. (2009). </b><i>Anotaciones Sem&aacute;nticas de Datos Geogr&aacute;ficos. </i>Tesis de Maestr&iacute;a, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2054035&pid=S1405-5546201100030000900010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>11. Quintero, R., Torres M., Moreno M. &amp; Guzm&aacute;n G. (2009). </b>Towards a semantic representation of raster spatial data. <i>Geospatial Semantics. Lectures Notes in Computer Science, </i>5892, 63&#150;82.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2054037&pid=S1405-5546201100030000900011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>12. Ruiz, J., Guzm&aacute;n A. &amp; Mart&iacute;nez J. F. (1999). </b><i>Enfoque L&oacute;gico&#150;Combinatorio al Reconocimiento de Patrones, Selecci&oacute;n de Variables y Clasificaci&oacute;n Supervisada. </i>M&eacute;xico D.F: Editorial IPN.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2054039&pid=S1405-5546201100030000900012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
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