<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-5546</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Computación y Sistemas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comp. y Sist.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-5546</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Computación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-55462008000200008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Qubits Structure as an Enhancement Factor of Coherence in a One-Way Quantum Computer]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estructura de Qubits como un Factor de Realce de Coherencia en una Computadora Cuántica de un Solo Camino]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valentín Rodrígue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isidro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Magally]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila Aoki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Centro Universitario UAEM Valle de Chalco ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>381</fpage>
<lpage>389</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-55462008000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-55462008000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-55462008000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Present day's efforts for building up an operative quantum computer soon will take shape. One of the main challenges to this task is to implement qubit coherence in a practical way. We make emphasis on the structure of the nuclear qubits in a one-way quantum computer as a source of coherence enhancement. The form factor, accounting for the nuclear qubit structure of the model, is the magnetogyric ratio &#947; (more commonly called the gyromagnetic ratio). We collect experimental values for y and calculate the respective times of coherence Th , for a number of materials. A parametrization is also given for &#947;, in terms of the atomic number, whose agreement with the experiment is very good. We also calculate, accurately enough, bounds to the corrections to Th due to spurious dipolar coupling between nuclei because this has not been done in the past. Such corrections are negligible for nearby planes whereas for remote planes they might be of considerable size. It is concluded that the nuclei states last longer than their electronic counterpart. However, this stability of nuclei qubits limits the speed at which the computer can carry out instructions and process the information.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Esfuerzos presentes para construir una computadora cuántica operativa, pronto tomarán forma. Uno de los principales retos de esta tarea es el de implementar coherencia de qubits de una manera práctica. Hacemos énfasis en la estructura de los qubits nucleares en una computadora cuántica de un solo camino como fuente de realce de coherencia. El factor de forma, que explica la estructura del qubit nuclear, del modelo es la razón magnetogírica y (más comúnmente llamada la razón giromágnetica). Colectamos valores experimentales para &#947; y calculamos los respectivos tiempos de coherencia, Th, para diferentes materiales. Es también dada una parametrización para &#947; en términos del número atómico cuyo acuerdo con el experimento es bastante bueno. También calculamos cotas suficientemente exactas para las correcciones a Th debidas a acoplamientos espurios dipolares en tanto que en el pasado no se les ha tratado con suficiente atención. Tales correcciones son despreciables para planos cercanos mientras que para planos remotos, ellas podrían ser de tamaño considerable. Es concluido que los estados nucleares duran más que su contraparte electrónica. No obstante, esta estabilidad de los qubits nucleares limita la rapidez a la cual la computadora puede efectuar las instrucciones y procesar la información.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Qubit]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[structure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[form factors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dipolar coupling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spurious]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[decoherence time]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Qubit]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estructura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[factores de forma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acoplamiento dipolar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[espurio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tiempo de deco-herencia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Qubits Structure as an Enhancement Factor of Coherence in a One&#150;Way Quantum Computer</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="3"><i><b>Estructura de Qubits como un Factor de Realce de Coherencia en una Computadora Cu&aacute;ntica </b></i><b><i>de un Solo Camino</i></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Isidro Valent&iacute;n Rodr&iacute;guez<sup>1</sup>, Magally Mart&iacute;nez Reyes<sup>1</sup> and Manuel &Aacute;vila Aoki<sup>1</sup></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup>1</sup> <i>Centro Universitario UAEM Valle de Chalco, Universidad Aut&oacute;noma del Estado de M&eacute;xico. Mar&iacute;a Isabel, CP 56615, Valle de Chalco, Estado de M&eacute;xico, M&eacute;xico.</i> E&#150;mails: <a href="mailto:nnervio@gmail.com">nnervio@gmail.com</a>, <a href="mailto:mmreyes@cinvestav.mx">mmreyes@cinvestav.mx</a>, <a href="mailto:manvlk@uaemex.mx">manvlk@uaemex.mx</a>.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Article received on July 05, 2007    <br> Accepted on January 24, 2008</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Present day's efforts for building up an operative quantum computer soon will take shape. One of the main challenges to this task is to implement qubit coherence in a practical way. We make emphasis on the structure of the nuclear qubits in a one&#150;way quantum computer as a source of coherence enhancement. The form factor, accounting for the nuclear qubit structure of the model, is the magnetogyric ratio <i>&gamma;</i><i> </i>(more commonly called the gyromagnetic ratio). We collect experimental values for <i>y </i>and calculate the respective times of coherence <i>T<sup>h</sup> </i>, for a number of materials. A parametrization is also given for <i>&gamma;</i>, in terms of the atomic number, whose agreement with the experiment is very good. We also calculate, accurately enough, bounds to the corrections to <i>T<sup>h</sup> </i>due to spurious dipolar coupling between nuclei because this has not been done in the past. Such corrections are negligible for nearby planes whereas for remote planes they might be of considerable size. It is concluded that the nuclei states last longer than their electronic counterpart. However, this stability of nuclei qubits limits the speed at which the computer can carry out instructions and process the information. </font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Qubit, structure, form factors, dipolar coupling, spurious, decoherence time.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Esfuerzos presentes para construir una computadora cu&aacute;ntica operativa, pronto tomar&aacute;n forma. Uno de los principales retos de esta tarea es el de implementar coherencia de qubits de una manera pr&aacute;ctica. Hacemos &eacute;nfasis en la estructura de los qubits nucleares en una computadora cu&aacute;ntica de un solo camino como fuente de realce de coherencia. El factor de forma, que explica la estructura del qubit nuclear, del modelo es la raz&oacute;n magnetog&iacute;rica <i>y </i>(m&aacute;s com&uacute;nmente llamada la raz&oacute;n girom&aacute;gnetica). Colectamos valores experimentales para <i>&gamma; </i>y calculamos los respectivos tiempos de coherencia, <i>T<sup>h</sup></i>, para diferentes materiales. Es tambi&eacute;n dada una parametrizaci&oacute;n para <i>&gamma;</i><i> </i>en t&eacute;rminos del n&uacute;mero at&oacute;mico cuyo acuerdo con el experimento es bastante bueno. Tambi&eacute;n calculamos cotas suficientemente exactas para las correcciones <i>a T<sup>h</sup> </i>debidas a acoplamientos espurios dipolares en tanto que en el pasado no se les ha tratado con suficiente atenci&oacute;n. Tales correcciones son despreciables para planos cercanos mientras que para planos remotos, ellas podr&iacute;an ser de tama&ntilde;o considerable. Es concluido que los estados nucleares duran m&aacute;s que su contraparte electr&oacute;nica. No obstante, esta estabilidad de los qubits nucleares limita la rapidez a la cual la computadora puede efectuar las instrucciones y procesar la informaci&oacute;n. </font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>Qubit, estructura, factores de forma, acoplamiento dipolar, espurio, tiempo de deco&#150;herencia.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/cys/v11n4/v11n4a8.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgments</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We wish to thank SNI grant.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. <b>T. D. Ladd, J. R. Goldman, F. Yamaguchi, </b>Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 017901.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2044842&pid=S1405-5546200800020000800001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. <b>P. Ball, </b>Nature, 17 Jun 2002.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2044843&pid=S1405-5546200800020000800002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. <b>R. de Sousa, N. Shenvi, K. B. Whaley, </b>Phys, Rev. B72 (2005) 045330.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2044844&pid=S1405-5546200800020000800003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4. <b>S. Das Sarma, R. de Sousa, X. Hu, B. Koiller, </b>Solid State Communications 133 (2005) 737.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2044845&pid=S1405-5546200800020000800004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5. <b>R. de Sousa, S. das Sarma, </b>Phys, Rev. B67 (2003) 033301.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2044846&pid=S1405-5546200800020000800005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">6. <b>R. de Sousa, S. das Sarma, </b>Phys, Rev. B68 (2003) 115322.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2044847&pid=S1405-5546200800020000800006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">7. <b>R. Raussendorf and H. J. Briegel, </b>Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 5188</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2044848&pid=S1405-5546200800020000800007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">8. <b>H. J. Briegel and R. Raussendorf, </b>Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 910.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2044849&pid=S1405-5546200800020000800008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">9. Along this work it is assumed that this quantity is the average distance between chains with which it has the value 15 nm.</font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">10. <b><a href="http://physics.nist.gov/" target="_blank"> http://physics.nist.gov</a></b></font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2044851&pid=S1405-5546200800020000800009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">11. <b>M. A. Bernstein, Kevin F. King, Xiaohong Joe Zhou, </b>In: Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences, Publisher: Academic Press (September 7, 2004), Pages 960&#150;1</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2044852&pid=S1405-5546200800020000800010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">12. <b>G. Atkin, D. Dumbrajs, </b>Phys. Rev. C26 (1982) 680.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2044853&pid=S1405-5546200800020000800011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">13. The one&#150;way quantum computer has the property of being scalable, consequently, the number N, of entangled qubits in B(a), can be large enough.</font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">14. <b>D. W. Leung, I. L. Chuang, F. Yamaguchi, and Y. Yamamoto, </b>Phys. Rev. A61 (1999) 042310.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2044855&pid=S1405-5546200800020000800012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Glossary</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Qubit: </b>The logic register of a quantum processor. It can take the values <i>q = &alpha;  </i><img src="/img/revistas/cys/v11n4/a8s1.jpg">0 &gt; + <i>&beta;<i>  </i></i><img src="/img/revistas/cys/v11n4/a8s1.jpg">1&gt;  where   <img src="/img/revistas/cys/v11n4/a8s1.jpg">0 &gt; and <i>  </i><img src="/img/revistas/cys/v11n4/a8s1.jpg">1 &gt; are the basic logic blocks and <i>&alpha;<sup>2</sup> <sup>+</sup> &beta; </i><sup>2</sup> = 1.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Qubit structure: </b>The qubit (nucleon) size.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Form factors: </b>The mathematical functions accounting for the qubit size.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Dipolar coupling: </b>Energy of interaction between the nuclei magnetic dipole.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Decoherence time: </b>Time during which superposition of the states does not suffer quantum perturbation.</font></p>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ladd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamaguchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. Lett.]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<numero>89</numero>
<issue>89</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ball]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shenvi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whaley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys, Rev.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<numero>B72</numero>
<issue>B72</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Das Sarma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koiller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Solid State Communications]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>133</volume>
<page-range>737</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[das Sarma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys, Rev.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>B67</numero>
<issue>B67</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[das Sarma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys, Rev.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>B68</numero>
<issue>B68</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raussendorf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Briegel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. Lett.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<numero>86</numero>
<issue>86</issue>
<page-range>5188</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Briegel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raussendorf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. Lett]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<numero>86</numero>
<issue>86</issue>
<page-range>910</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[King]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kevin F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiaohong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joe Zhou]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dumbrajs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev.]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<numero>C26</numero>
<issue>C26</issue>
<page-range>680</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chuang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamaguchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev.]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<numero>A61</numero>
<issue>A61</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
