<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-3195</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agrociencia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agrociencia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-3195</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Postgraduados]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-31952018000200191</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Obtención de compuestos aromáticos por oxidación de lignina con lacasa inmovilizada en alginato]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Obtaining aromatic compounds through lignin oxidation with laccase immobilized in alginate]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ayerim]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salgado-Román]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ardila-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. Nelly]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Maldonado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional UPIIG ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Silao de Victoria Guanajuato]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>191</fpage>
<lpage>202</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-31952018000200191&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-31952018000200191&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-31952018000200191&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La lignina es un biopolímero abundante en la naturaleza, por su estructura polimérica es una fuente potencial de compuestos aromáticos con alto valor añadido en la industria química, alimentaria y farmacéutica. La lignina puede aprovecharse con procedimientos químicos y biológicos que la despolimerizan de forma gradual y selectiva. Las peroxidasas y lacasas son enzimas usadas como agentes oxidantes en procesos de despolimerización oxidativa; pero el uso de H2O2 como aceptor secundario de electrones para incrementar el efecto oxidante de lacasa inmovilizada no se ha reportado. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la capacidad catalítica de lacasa inmovilizada (1.25 mUI) en perlas de alginato, con diámetro de partícula (Dp) de 3 mm, para obtener compuestos aromáticos por oxidación de lignina. Las reacciones se mantuvieron con agitación y temperatura controlada, el pH se varió y como aceptor secundario de electrones se utilizó H2O2. El diseño experimental fue factorial 3 x 4: tres valores de pH (5.8, 6.5 y 8.6) y cuatro concentraciones de H2O2 (25, 50, 75 y 100 mM); las pruebas se realizaron por triplicado. Con los datos se realizó ANDEVA y pruebas de comparación de medias (Tukey, p &#8804; 0.05). Con pH de 8.6 se obtuvo la mayor conversión de lignina a compuestos aromáticos: ácido benzoico (63.5 %), ácido vainillínico (25 %) y vainillina (11.5 %). El soporte de inmovilización de la enzima se desintegró y se disolvió en el medio en las reacciones catalizadas con pH superior a 7.0. Los resultados permiten sugerir que el grado de despolimerización de lignina con lacasa inmovilizada depende directamente de la concentración de H2O2 y del pH del medio.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Lignin is an abundant biopolymer in nature; because of its polymeric structure, it is a potential source of aromatic compounds with high added value in the chemical, food and pharmaceutical industries. Lignin can be used with chemical and biological procedures that depolymerize it in a gradual and selective manner. Peroxidases and laccases are enzymes used as oxidizing agents in processes of oxidative depolymerization; however, the use of H2O2 as secondary electron acceptor to increase the oxidizing effect of immobilized laccase is not reported so far. The objective of this study was to evaluate the catalytic capacity of laccase (1.25 mUI) immobilized in alginate pearls, with a particle diameter (Dp) of 3 mm, in order to obtain aromatic compounds from lignin oxidation. The reactions were kept with agitation and controlled temperature, the pH varied and H2O2 was used as secondary electron acceptor. The experimental design was factorial 3 x 4: three pH values (5.8, 6.5 and 8.6) and four concentrations of H2O2 (25, 50, 75 and 100 mM); the trials were performed in triplicate. ANDEVA was carried out with the data as well as means comparison tests (Tukey, p &#8804; 0.05). The highest conversion of lignin to aromatic compounds was obtained with a pH of 8.6: benzoic acid (63.5 %), vanillic acid (25 %) and vanillin (11.5 %). The immobilizing support for the enzyme was disintegrated and dissolved in the medium in the reactions catalyzed with a pH over 7.0. The results allow suggesting that the degree of lignin depolymerization with immobilized laccase depends directly on the concentration of H2O2 and the medium&#8217;s pH.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lacasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lignina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[degradación enzimática]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inmovilización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ácido benzoico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[laccase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lignin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[enzyme degradation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[immobilization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[benzoic acid.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Téllez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aspectos generales de la biodegradación de la madera: Aplicaciones industriales de las lacasas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BioTecnología]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>40-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dalluge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hutchinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dalluge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Formation of phenolic oligomers during fast pyrolysis of lignin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>128</volume>
<page-range>170-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boukari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rémond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O´Donohue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chabbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of lignin content on a GH11 endoxylanase acting on glucoronoarabioxylan-lignin nanocomposites]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Carbohyd. Polym]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<page-range>423-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Childs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bardsley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Steady-State kinetics of peroxidase with 2,2'-Azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biochem. J.]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>145</volume>
<page-range>93-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thielemans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The catalytic oxidation of biomass to new materials focusion on starch, cellulose and lignin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Coord. Chem. Rev.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>254</volume>
<page-range>1854-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crestini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caponi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Argyropoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saladino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Immobilized methyltrioxo rhenium (MTO)/H2O2 systems for the oxidation of lignin and lignin model compound]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioorg. Med. Chem.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>5292-302</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez-Duhalt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enzimas lignolíticas fúngicas para fines ambientales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mensaje Bioquím.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>XXX</volume>
<page-range>29-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doherty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mousavioun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Value-adding to cellulosic ethanol: Lignin polymers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ind. Crops Prod.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>259-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eudes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loqué]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lignin bioengineering]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>189-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valensin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taddei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basosi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanhulle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jarosz-Wilkolazka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pogni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel phenoxazinone dye by use of a fungal laccase]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Mol. Catal. B: Enz.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>116-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganachaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garfagnoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iacazio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trimerisation of indole through laccase catalysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tetrahedron Lett]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>2476-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janshekar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiechter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determination of biodegraded lignin by ultraviolet spectrophotometry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anal. Chim. Acta]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>130</volume>
<page-range>81-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of anisole as lignin model compound over supported nickel catalysts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Catal. Today]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>234</volume>
<page-range>125-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johansson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gillgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winestrand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Järnström]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jönsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of lignin derivatives as substrates for laccase-catalyzed scavenging of oxygen in coatings and films]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Biol. Eng.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polyoxometalate/laccase-mediated oxidative polymerization of catechol for textile dyeing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Green Chem]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>44-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lange]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Decina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crestini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oxidative upgrade of lignin - Recent routes reviewed]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur. Polym. J.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>1151-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maijala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mattinen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nousiainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kontro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asikkala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sipila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viikari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Action of fungal laccases on lignin model compounds in organic solvents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Mol. Catal. B: Enz.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<page-range>59-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trends in bioconversion of lignocellulose: Biofuels, platform chemicals &amp; biorefinery concept]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prog. Energy Comb. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>522-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moilanen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelloc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viikari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The laccase-catalyed modification of lignin for enzymatic hydrolisis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Enzyme Microb. Tech.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>492-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mittal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Immobilization of xylanase on glutaraldehyde activated aluminum oxide pellets for increasing digestibility of poultry feed]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Process Biochem]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>5-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Degradation of phenolic compounds by laccase immobilized on carbon nanomaterials: Diffusional limitation investigation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Talanta]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>131</volume>
<page-range>38-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khanum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Covalent immobilization of xylanase on glutaraldehyde activated alginate beads using response surface methodology: Characterization of immobilized enzyme]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Process Biochem]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>1316-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jarosz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fungal laccases as green catalysts for dye synthesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Process Biochem]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>20-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botelho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cleto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tratamiento de efluentes industriales de naturaliza recalcitrante usando ozono, peróxido de hidrógeno y radiación ultravioleta]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ver. Fac. Ing. Univ. Antioquia]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>24-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Egidío]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oxidation of lignin from eucalyptus globules pulping liquors to produce syringaldehide and vanillin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>4421-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruuttunem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vuorinen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developing catalytic oxygen delignification for Kraft pulp: Kinetic study of lignin oxidation with polyoxometalate anions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>4284-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thiocyabate interference in the permanganimetry of hydrogen peroxide]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anal. Chim. Acta]]></source>
<year>1956</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>413-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[She]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lloyd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baird]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Physicochemical characterization of extracted lignin from sweet sorghum stem]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ind. Crops Prod.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>21-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solomon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sundaram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machonkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multicopper oxidases and oxygenases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chem. Rev.]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>2563-606</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Volokitina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bobrov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eneyskaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tennikova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vlakh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kulminskaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Xylan degradation improved by a combination of monolithic columns bearing immobilized recombinant &#946;-xylosidase from Aspergillus awamori X-100 and Grindamyl H121 &#946;-xylanase]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biotechnol. J.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>210-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of crystal size of ZSM-5 on the aromatic yield and selectivity from catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>383-384</volume>
<page-range>23-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asakura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taramura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A series of NiM (M = Ru, Rh, and Pd) bimetallic catalysts for effective lignin Hydrogenolysis in water]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ACS Catal.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>1574&#8722;1583</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
