<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-0218</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Isonomía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Isonomía]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-0218</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México; Fontamara]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-02182020000200006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Legal Realism as a Positivistic Theory of Law]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El realismo jurídico como teoría positivista del derecho]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guastini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Riccardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Università degli Studi di Genova Istituto Tarello per la filosofia del diritto ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Italia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>53</numero>
<fpage>127</fpage>
<lpage>137</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-02182020000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-02182020000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-02182020000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Since the Sixties, following Norberto Bobbio, everyone is (or should be) used to distinguish among methodological, theoretical, and ideological legal positivism (LP). By the way, in Italian legal-philosophical literature, LP is often opposed to legal realism (LR). One has to wonder, however: what kind of LP and what kind of LR are we talking about? As to LR, those scholars who oppose realism and positivism have in mind most of all Scandinavian Realism, especially Olivecrona and Ross. As to LP, those scholars who oppose realism and positivism have in mind either the 19th century prevailing theory of law or Kelsen&#8217;s pure theory. The opposition between LR and the pure theory is sound. Nonetheless, such an opposition does not arise from a supposed anti-positivistic stance of LR. It depends on two non-positivistic theses endorsed by Kelsen: the concept of validity as binding force, and the normative theory of legal science, conceived of a set of deontic (non-factual) sentences echoing valid (i.e., binding) norms. The opposition between LR and 19th century LP is equally sound, but does not hold when referred to contemporary LP, which is mainly conceived of as a methodological (Benthamite) attitude towards the law. LR is an openly positivistic view about the law. To be sure, not all positivist legal scholars are realist, but all realists are (&#8220;hard&#8221;) positivists.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Desde los años sesenta del siglo XX, siguiendo a Norberto Bobbio, todo el mundo es (o debería ser) capaz de distinguir entre tres formas de positivismo jurídico (LP): (a) metodológico, (b) teórico, y (c) ideológico. Por cierto, en la literatura iusfilosófica italiana, a menudo se contrapone el LP al realismo jurídico (LR). Sin embargo, ¿de qué tipo de LP y de LR estamos hablando? En cuanto al LR, los iusfilósofos que oponen realismo y positivismo tienen en mente esencialmente el realismo escandinavo, especialmente Olivecrona y Ross. En cuanto al LP, aquellos iusfilósofos que oponen realismo y positivismo tienen en mente, o bien la teoría del derecho dominante en el siglo XIX, o bien la teoría pura de Kelsen. La oposición entre el LR y la teoría pura es fundada. No obstante, tal oposición no surge de una supuesta postura anti-positivista del LR. Depende más bien de dos tesis no positivistas sostenidas por Kelsen: el concepto de validez como fuerza vinculante, y la teoría normativa de la ciencia jurídica, concebida como un conjunto de oraciones deónticas (no fácticas) que se hacen eco de normas válidas (es decir, vinculantes). La oposición entre el LR y el LP del siglo XIX es igualmente fundada, pero no tiene sentido cuando referida al LP contemporáneo, que consiste principalmente en una actitud metodológica (&#8220;Benthamita&#8221;) hacia el derecho. El LR es una visión abiertamente positivista del derecho. Sin duda, no todos los juristas positivistas son realistas, pero todos los realistas son positivistas (&#8220;duros&#8221;).]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
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<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[theoretical legal positivism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ideological legal positivism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[legal realism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[positivismo jurídico metodológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[positivismo jurídico teórico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[positivismo jurídico ideológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[realismo jurídico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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