<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0301-7036</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Problemas del desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Prob. Des]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0301-7036</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0301-70362022000200189</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2022.209.69840</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Inversión Extranjera Directa de grandes empresas mexicanas en Estados Unidos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investment of large Mexican companies in the United States]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basave Kunhardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>209</numero>
<fpage>189</fpage>
<lpage>219</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0301-70362022000200189&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0301-70362022000200189&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0301-70362022000200189&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Se analizan los determinantes de la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) de grandes empresas mexicanas en Estados Unidos (EU), que en términos macroeconómicos responden a coyunturas económicas internas e internacionales. Éstas resultan en dos "oleadas" de IED con determinantes diferenciados: la primera que inicia en los años setenta, y la segunda con la apertura de la economía mexicana a finales de los años ochenta del siglo pasado, misma que adquiere características especiales partir de la crisis financiera internacional de 2008. Debido a las prácticas comerciales y actividades económicas de las empresas mexicanas, los factores que determinan la ubicación espacial de la IED mexicana en EU son la proximidad de la casa matriz a los mercados reales y potenciales y su participación en las cadenas productivas globales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article analyzes the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) of large Mexican companies in the United States (US). On the macroeconomic level, the level of Mexican FDI in the US fluctuates according to domestic and international economic conjunctures. The result is two "waves" of FDI with differentiated determinants: the first wave that began in the 1970s, and the second which began with the opening of the Mexican economy at the end of the 1980s and was affected by the 2008 global financial crisis. Due to the business practices and economic activities of Mexican firms, the factors which determine the spatial location of Mexican FDI in the US are the parent company's proximity to actual and potential markets and their participation in global production chains.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[multinacionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[grandes empresas mexicanas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inversión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tecnología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[multinationals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[large Mexican firms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[investment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[technology]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Alfa</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Reporte Anual]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Banco de México]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Banco Mundial]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Organización industrial]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Omega]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los grupos de capital financiero en México (1974-1995)]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial El Caballito]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La inversión extranjera directa de las corporaciones empresariales mexicanas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Empresas mexicanas ante la globalización]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<page-range>243-86</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multinacionales mexicanas, surgimiento y evolución]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Haces]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Localización geográfica y sectores de inversión: factores decisivos en el desempeño de las multinacionales mexicanas durante la crisis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>34</numero>
<issue>34</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Haces]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mexican multinationals cope with turbulence of an adverse economic environment. Emerging Markets Global Players Project, 2020 Report]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment (CCSI)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pavitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the World Bank Annual Conference on Developing Economics 1992, Supplement to the World Bank Economic Review and The World Bank Research Observer]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonaglia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mathews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Accelerated internationalization by emerging markets multinationals: the case of the white goods sector]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of World Business]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>42</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Bureau of Economic Analysis</collab>
<source><![CDATA[US Department of Commerce, FDI Stock &amp; Employment Comparison by Country]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[All IndustriesTotal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tolentino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Technological accumulation and third world multinationals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Discussion Papers in International Investment and Management]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<numero>139</numero>
<issue>139</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Carso</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Reporte Anual]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multinational enterprise and economic analysis]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Censo de Población de EU]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Censo de Población de EU]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multinationals from Hong Kong]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The new multinationals: The spread of third world enterprises]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<page-range>89-136</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley &amp; Sons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[R&amp;D Internationalization and the Reformation of Chinese S&amp;T System]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Hangzhou, Zhejiang ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[School of Management, Shejiang University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuervo-Cazurra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Technological escape and cross border M&amp;As by developing country multinational companies]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 3Copenhagen Conference on Emerging Multinationals: Outward Investment from Emerging and Developing Economies]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Child]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The internationalization of Chinese firms: A case for theoretical extension]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Management and Organization Review]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Directorio sobre inversión extranjera directa en América Latina y el Caribe 1993. Marco legal e información estadística. 2 de diciembre de 1993. LC/R 1325]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ONU]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Anuario estadístico de América Latina y el Caribe,1997]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ONU]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cremers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. J. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Emerging market outperformance: Public traded affiliates of multinational corporations]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yale School of Management]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuervo Cazurra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transforming disadvantages into advantages: Developing MNES in the least developed countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Business Studies]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>39</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Beule]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duanmu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J-L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Location determinants of internationalization: A firm-level analysis of Chinese and Indian acquisitions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Management Journal]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diaz Alejandro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Foreign direct investment by Latin Americans]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agmon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kindleberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multinationals from small countries]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<page-range>167-96</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Mini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gammeltoft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chinese foreign direct investment in R&amp;D in Europe: A new model of R&amp;D internationalization?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Management Journal]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Explaining international production]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unwin Hyman]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The eclectic paradigm as an envelope for economic and business theory of MNE activity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Business Review]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>9</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dussel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mexican firms investing in China (2000-2011)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inter-American Development Bank, Discussion Paper No. IDB-DP-255, December]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dutrenit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diferencias en el perfil de acumulación de capacidades tecnológicas en tres empresas mexicanas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Trimestre Económico]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>227</numero>
<issue>227</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duysters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacob]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemmens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiantian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Internationalization and technological catching up of emerging multinationals, a comparative case study of China's Haier group]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Industrial and Corporate Change]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fleury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Brazilian multinationals: surfing the waves of internationalization]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramamurti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh J]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Emerging multinationals in emerging markets]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>200-43</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El caso mexicano]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chudnovsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kosacoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las multinacionales latinoamericanas: sus estrategias en un mundo globalizado]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<page-range>165-258</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multinational companies from emerging economies]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave-MacMillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guillén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Canal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The American model of the multinational firm and the new multinationals from emerging economies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Academy of Management Perspectives. May]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Limes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Survey of Current Business, BEA]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of the US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hymer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The international operations of national firms]]></source>
<year>1960</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jasso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cross border acquisitions and mergers: learning process of Mexican corporate groups]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Innovation Management, Policy and Practice]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2-3</numero>
<issue>2-3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jasso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acumulación de capacidades tecnológicas locales en un grupo industrial siderúrgico en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Contaduría y Administración]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<numero>223</numero>
<issue>223</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kosacoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multinationals from Argentina]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The New Multinationals: the spread of third world enterprises]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<page-range>137-219</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley &amp; Sons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The new multinationals: The spread of third world enterprises]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley &amp; Sons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lecraw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Direct investment by firms from less developed countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oxford Economic Papers. New Series]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Innovation performance and channels for international technology spillovers: Evidence from Chinese high-tech industries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Research Policy]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>36</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lowe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Survey of Current Business. Septiembre]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mathews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competitive advantages of the latecomer firm: A resource-based account of industrial catch-up strategies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asia Pacific Journal of Management]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mathews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dragon multinationals: Newplayers in 21st century globalization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asia Pacific J. Manage]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>23</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The reverse transfer of foreign subsidiaries of Brazilian multinationals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Management Journal]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Brid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Development and growth in the Mexican economy. A Historical Perspective]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narula]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multinational investment and economic structure]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narula]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Industrial Development, Globalization and multinational enterprises: new realities for developing countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oxford Development Studies]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narula]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santangelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Location and colocation advantages in international innovation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Multinational Business Review]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[An evolutionary theory of economic change]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Belknap Press of Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pavitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sectoral patterns of technical change: towards a taxonomy and a theory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science Policy Research Unit]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Petróleos Mexicanos</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Reporte Annual]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Competition in global industries]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard Business School]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramamurti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Why study emerging market multinationals?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramamurti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Emerging multinationals in emerging markets]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>3-22</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramamurti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What is really different about emerging market multinationals?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Global Strategy Journal]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>2</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Setzler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tintelnot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of foreign multinationals on workers and firms in the United States]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NBER Working Paper Series, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), August]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[US Department of Commerce]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stutzman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Activities of US affiliates of foreign multinational enterprises in 2015]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Survey of Current Business]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Survey of Current Business</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investment in the US, Benchmark Survey, julio]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Survey of Current Business</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investment in the US; Benchmark Survey 2002. P. M13, cuadro 8]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Product-market and technological direction in the evolution of large business groups in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Paper Druit]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Hoesel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Foreign direct investment and the transformation of the economy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narula]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Foreign direct investment and governments: catalysts for economic restructuring]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<page-range>281-315</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Von Zedtwitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International R&amp;D strategies in companies from developing countries-the case of China]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNCTAD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Von Zedtwitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gassman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Market versus technology drive in R&amp;D internationalization: four different patterns of managing research and development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Research Policy]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>31</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Third world multinationals, the rise of foreign investment from developing countries]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williamson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chinese multinationals: Emerging through new global gateways]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramamurti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Emerging multinationals in emerging markets]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>81-109</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[World Investment Report]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNCTAD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[World Investment Report]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNCTAD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[World Investment Report]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNCTAD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[World Investment Report]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNCTAD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeile]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Survey of Current Business. Bureau of Economic Analysis]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[US Department of Commerce]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeile]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Survey of Current Business, Bureau of Economic Analysis]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[US Department of Commerce]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
