<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0301-7036</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Problemas del desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Prob. Des]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0301-7036</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0301-70362022000100125</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2022.208.69734</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Trabajo infantil y rendimiento escolar en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Child labor and school performance in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santillán Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alma Sofía]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>208</numero>
<fpage>125</fpage>
<lpage>150</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0301-70362022000100125&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0301-70362022000100125&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0301-70362022000100125&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En el presente texto se analiza la relación entre trabajo infantil y rendimiento escolar en matemáticas en estudiantes mexicanos de primaria y secundaria a nivel nacional. Se empleó el método de variables instrumentales (VI), ya que la modelación conjunta del trabajo infantil y el rendimiento escolar pueden generar endogeneidad. Incluso, controlando por la pobreza del hogar, la modalidad educativa y el grado de marginación de la comunidad, los resultados muestran que el efecto del trabajo infantil sobre el rendimiento escolar es negativo y no hay diferencia entre trabajar en un negocio familiar o no en ambos niveles escolares. Distinguiendo por género, existe evidencia de que el resultado es más pronunciado en niñas que en niños.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article analyzes the relationship between child labor and school performance in mathematics in Mexican elementary and junior high school students at a national level. The analysis employs the instrumental variables method, given that the joint modeling of child labor and school performance can generate endogeneity. Even after controlling for household poverty, educational modality, and the degree of marginalization of the community, findings show that the effect of child labor on school performance is negative, regardless of whether a child is employed in a family enterprise or not, at both school levels. Analysis of gender reveals that there is evidence that this effect is more pronounced in girls than in boys.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[trabajo infantil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rendimiento escolar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación básica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[variables instrumentales (VI)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[child labor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[school performance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[basic education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[instrumental variables]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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