<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0300-9041</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ginecología y obstetricia de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ginecol. obstet. Méx.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0300-9041</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Federación Mexicana de Colegios de Obstetricia y Ginecología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0300-90412024000700005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24245/gom.v92i7.8334</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Relación entre el polimorfismo g-238a del factor de necrosis tumoral alfa y la pérdida gestacional recurrente]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Relation of polymorphism g-238a of tumor necrosis factor alpha with recurrent pregnancy loss]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosas Cabral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robles Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María del Consuelo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elí Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Laboratorio de Virología e Ingeniería Molecular  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes Centro de Ciencias de la Salud Departamento de Medicina]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de la Mujer de Aguascalientes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<fpage>303</fpage>
<lpage>314</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0300-90412024000700005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0300-90412024000700005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0300-90412024000700005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  OBJETIVO:  Determinar si existe asociación entre los polimorfismos G-308A (rs1800629) y G-238A (rs361525) del promotor del factor de necrosis tumoral alfa y la pérdida gestacional recurrente.  MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS:  Estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo de casos y controles llevado a cabo entre enero de 2020 y diciembre de 2021 en el Hospital de la Mujer de Aguascalientes y en el Laboratorio de Virología e Ingeniería Genética de la Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes. Se estudiaron pacientes con pérdidas gestacionales recurrentes y sin éstas, con embarazo normal (controles).  RESULTADOS:  Se estudiaron 300 pacientes: 150 con pérdida gestacional recurrente y 150 con embarazo normal (controles). Se encontraron 19 pacientes (12.6%) con pérdida gestacional recurrente primaria y 131 (87.4%) con pérdida gestacional recurrente secundaria. Las pacientes con pérdida gestacional recurrente tuvieron, significativamente, mayor edad (28 ± 6.43 en comparación con 26 ± 6.07 años; p = 0.006), más abortos (mediana de 2 en comparación con 0; p = 0.049) y menos semanas de gestación (13.18 ± 12.51 en compoaración con 34.55 ± 10.99; p = 0.0001) que las pacientes del grupo control. De los diferentes modelos genéticos, ninguno demostró un incremento significativo de riesgo para G-308A (rs1800629); sin embargo, para G-238A (rs361525) los modelos heterocigoto (RM 4.36, IC95%: 1.2-15.78; p = 0.012) y dominante (RM 4.36, IC95%: 1.42-13.36; p = 0.005) sí mostraron un aumento de probabilidad. En el análisis multivariado ninguna variable clínica demostró significación estadística.  CONCLUSIÓN:  En el grupo estudiado, el polimorfismo G-238 A (rs361525) del gen TNF-&#945; mostró asociación con la pérdida gestacional recurrente, no así el polimorfismo G-308A (rs1800629).]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  OBJECTIVE:  To determine if there is an association between polymorphisms G-308A (rs1800629) and G-238A (rs361525) of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-&#945;) with the presence of recurrent pregnancy loss in patients treated at the Women&amp;apos;s Hospital of the City of Aguascalientes.  MATERIALS AND METHODS:  An observational, case-control study was conducted in 150 patients with recurrent pregnancy loss and 150 patients with normal pregnancies. Different clinical variables were studied and the polymorphisms of the TNF-&#945; tumor gene, G-308A (rs1800629) and G-238A (rs361525). Were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) reaction and the prevalences of the genotypes between both groups was compared, as well as the Odds ratios (OR) of the genotypes and mutated alleles using various genetic models. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the effect of clinical variables and the presence of these polymorphisms.  RESULTS:  Patients with recurrent pregnancy loss were significantly older, had more miscarriages and a lower gestational age than those in the control group. For the G-308A (rs1800629) polymorphism, no significant difference was observed in the prevalences between both groups. For G-238A (rs361525) the prevalence was 6.7% for patients and 1.7% for women with normal pregnancies, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.004). None of the different genetic models showed a significant increase for G-308A (rs1800629), however, for G-238A (rs361525) the heterozygous (OR 4.36, 95%IC: 1.2-15.78; p=0.012) and dominant (OR 4.36, 95%IC: 1.42-13.36, p=0.005) models did show an increase in said probability. In the multivariate analysis, no clinical variable showed statistical significance.  CONCLUSION:  The G-238A (rs361525) polymorphism of the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene shows an association, and a higher risk of recurrent pregnancy loss in our population.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pérdida gestacional recurrente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[factor de necrosis tumoral alfa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Polimorfismos G-308A (rs1800629)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[G-238A (rs361525)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Recurrent pregnancy loss]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tumor necrosis factor alpha]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[G-308A (rs1800629)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[G238A (rs361525)]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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