<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-6649</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tópicos (México)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tópicos (México)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-6649</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Panamericana, Facultad de Filosofía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-66492023000200421</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21555/top.v660.2130</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La modernidad del racismo contrastada con el pensamiento español del siglo XVI]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Modernity of Racism Contrasted with Spanish Thought during the 16th Century]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polo Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>66</numero>
<fpage>421</fpage>
<lpage>459</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-66492023000200421&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-66492023000200421&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-66492023000200421&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen. En el presente trabajo se prueba una hipótesis sencilla pero fascinante, a saber, que el racismo es una realidad estrictamente moderna. No encontraremos teorías específicamente racistas antes del siglo XVIII. Pero pretendemos, además, establecer un sugestivo contraste con el pensamiento español del siglo XVI. El objetivo es corroborar un asunto que tal vez causará asombro a más de uno: la verificable circunstancia de que el racismo está ausente en las doctrinas de aquellos juristas, moralistas, teólogos y humanistas (además de primeros etnólogos) de la España imperial del siglo XVI.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract. The paper tests a simple but fascinating hypothesis, namely, that racism is a strictly modern reality. We will not find specifically racist theories before the eighteenth century. We also intend to establish a suggestive contrast with Spanish thought of the 16th century. The goal is to corroborate an issue that, perhaps, will amaze more than one: the verifiable circumstance that racism is absent in the doctrines of the jurists, moralists, theologians, and humanists (as well as early ethnologists) of imperial Spain in the 16th century.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[racismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modernidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pensamiento español]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[civilización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cultura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[racism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[modernity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spanish thought]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[civilization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[culture]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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