<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4999</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4999</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-49992017000200303</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/rica.2017.33.02.11</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[SÍNTESIS DE CARBÓN ACTIVADO A PARTIR DE EPICARPIO DE Attalea macrolepis Y SU APLICACIÓN EN LA REMOCIÓN DE Pb 2+ EN SOLUCIONES ACUOSAS]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[SYNTHESIS OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM THE EPICARP OF Attalea macrolepis AND ITS APPLICATION IN Pb 2+ REMOVAL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rondón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wendy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas de Astudillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas de Gáscue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Blanca]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yraida]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Politécnica Territorial &#8220;Clodosbaldo Russián&#8221; Departamento de Higiene y Seguridad Laboral ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cumaná ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas Centro de Química ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Oriente Núcleo de Sucre Departamento de Química]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cumaná ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Oriente Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina y Ciencias Aplicadas Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cumaná ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Oriente Núcleo Bolívar Departamento de Ciencias]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad Bolívar ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>303</fpage>
<lpage>316</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-49992017000200303&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-49992017000200303&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-49992017000200303&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En este trabajo se sintetizó carbón activado a partir del epicarpio de Attalea macrolepis y se evaluó como adsorbente para la remoción de iones Pb2+. El pH, la masa del adsorbente, el tiempo y la concentración inicial de plomo se evaluaron como parámetros influyentes en el proceso de adsorción. Por otro lado, se evaluó el mecanismo de adsorción de los iones de plomo sobre el carbón activado usando los modelos de Langmuir, Freundlich y Dubinin-Radushkevich. Mediante espectroscopía infrarroja con transformada de Fourier en el material adsorbente se identificaron los grupos funcionales hidroxilos, carboxilatos, olefinas y anillos bencénicos. Por medio de microscopía electrónica de transmisión se evidenció una matriz de partículas aglomeradas heterogéneas de tamaño comprendido entre 149 a 185 nm. Las condiciones óptimas obtenidas para la remoción de 70 % de iones Pb2+ (5 mg/L) fueron a pH 5, una masa de adsorbente de 150 mg, un tiempo de contacto de una hora, una agitación de 1500 rpm y un volumen de 25 mL. A partir de las isotermas se obtuvo una capacidad máxima de adsorción de 0.500 mg/g. La energía de adsorción calculada a partir del modelo de Dubinin-Radushkevich fue de 10.42 KJ/mol, este valor energético permite inferir que en el sistema carbón activado-iones Pb2+ ocurre una adsorción química. Los resultados demuestran que el carbón activado producido con el epicarpio de Attalea macrolepis es un adsorbente alternativo de bajo costo y amigable con el ambiente para remover Pb2+ de sistemas acuosos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT In this research, synthesis of activated carbon from the epicarp of Attalea macrolepis was performed and evaluated as adsorbent to remove Pb2+ ions. The pH, adsorbent mass, time and initial concentration of Pb2+ were evaluated as important parameters in the adsorption process. Additionally, the mechanism of adsorption of Pb2+ ions on activated carbon was studied using Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. By Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the chemical functional groups: hydroxyl, carboxylate, olefins and aromatic were identified in the adsorbent material. The transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of heterogeneous particles agglomerates in the range of 149 to 185 nm in size. The optimum conditions for removal were 70 % of Pb2+ (5 mg/L) at pH 5, contact time of one hour, 150 mg mass of adsorbent, agitation at 1500 rpm and volume of 25 mL. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained was of 0.500 mg/g from isothermal studies. The adsorption energy calculated from the model of Dubinin-Radushkevich was 10.42 KJ/mol, which indicates that chemistry adsorption occurs in the activated carbon- Pb2+ system. These results demonstrate that the activated carbon prepared from the Attalea macrolepis epicarp represents an alternative, low-cost and eco-friendly, adsorbent to remove Pb2+ from aqueous systems.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[residuo vegetal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pirólisis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[isotermas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[adsorción química]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vegetable waste]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pyrolysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[isotherms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chemical adsorption]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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