<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4999</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4999</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-49992006000100039</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[INFLUENCE OF TWO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ON SPORE GERMINATION, AND PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF Gigaspora margarita-Echynochloa polystachya SYMBIOSIS IN BENZO[a]PYRENE-POLLUTED SUBSTRATE]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alarcón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgadillo-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alicia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davies Jr.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frederick T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrera-Cerrato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ronald]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados Microbiología de Suelos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Montecillo Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Texas A&amp;M University Department of Horticultural Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Texas]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>39</fpage>
<lpage>47</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-49992006000100039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-49992006000100039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-49992006000100039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous microorganisms that occur in contaminated soils. However, little is known about the responses of AMF with organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The first objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of two PAH on spore germination of Gigaspora margarita Becker &amp; Hall. Water-agar plates were contaminated with phenanthrene (PHE) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) at several concentrations: 0, 25 (0.1 mM BaP &amp; 0.15 PHE), 50 (0.2 mM BaP &amp; 0.3 mM PHE), 75 (0.3 mM BaP &amp; 0.45 mM PHE), and 100 &#956;g mL-1 (0.4 mM BaP &amp; 0.6 mM PHE), respectively. The second objective consisted on the evaluation of the responses of the symbiosis between G. margarita and Echinochloa polystachya (H.B.K.) Hitch. to increased concentrations of BaP (0, 25 (0.1 mM), 50 (0.2 mM), 75 (0.3 mM), and 100 mg kg-1 (0.4 mM) under plant growth chamber conditions. Spore germination and hyphal length were drastically reduced by PHE. Reduction of spore germination was higher than 90% in presence of PHE. In presence of BaP, spore germination reduction was 42.8% when exposed at 100 &#956;g mL-1 (0.4 mM). Spores that germinated in presence of 75 (0.3 mM) and 100 (0.4 mM) &#956;g BaP mL-1 had greater hyphal elongation. BaP did not affect shoot dry mass of non-mycorrhizal or mycorrhizal E. polystachya. Mycorrhizal plants showed higher dehydrogenase activity in the rhizosphere soil at 0, 0.2 and 0.3 mM BaP, but reduced root polyphenol oxidase activity at 0 and 0.1 and higher at 0.3 mM BaP than non-mycorhizal plants. Dissipation of BaP was higher in non-mycorrhizal plants than mycorrhizal plants. Echinochloa polystachya showed an intrinsic capability on dissipating PAH from its rhizosphere.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) son microorganismos cosmopolitas que se pueden encontrar en suelos contaminados. No obstante, pocos estudios se han enfocado a la evaluación de las respuestas de HMA ante contaminantes orgánicos como los hidrocarburos poliaromáticos (HAP). El primer objetivo de este trabajo consideró la evaluación del efecto de dos HAP sobre la germinación de esporas de Gigaspora margarita Becker &amp; Hall. Placas con agar-agua fueron contaminadas con fenantreno (PHE) o benzo[a]pireno (BaP) en diferentes concentraciones: 0, 25 (0.1 mM BaP y 0.15 PHE), 50 (0.2 mM BaP y 0.3 mM PHE), 75 (0.3 mM BaP y 0.45 mM PHE), y 100 &#956;g mL-1 (0.4 mM BaP y 0.6 mM PHE), respectivamente. El segundo objetivo consistió en la evaluación de las respuestas de la simbiosis entre G. margarita y Echinochloa polystachya (H.B.K.) Hitch. ante la presencia de diferentes concentraciones de BaP (0, 25 (0.1 mM), 50 (0.2 mM), 75 (0.3 mM), y 100 mg kg-1 (0.4 mM), bajo condiciones de cámara de crecimiento. La germinación de esporas y longitud hifal fueron significativamente inhibidas por PHE, el cual produjo una disminución del 92%. En el caso de BaP, la germinación de esporas disminuyo en 42.8% ante 100 &#956;g mL-1 (0.4 mM). Las esporas que germinaron en presencia de 75 (0.3 mM) y 100 (0.4 mM) &#956;g BaP mL-1, tuvieron mayor elongación hifal. La presencia del BaP no produjo efectos negativos en el peso seco de la parte aérea de E. polystachya con la inoculación o no del HMA. Las rizosferas de plantas micorrizadas presentaron mayor actividad deshidrogenasa ante 0, 0.2 y 0.3 mM BaP, pero reducida actividad polifenoloxidasa en la raíz ante 0 y 0.1, y mayor ante 0.3 mM BaP, en comparación con plantas no inoculadas. La disipación del BaP de la rizosfera fue mayor en plantas no inoculadas en comparación con plantas micorrizadas. Echinochloa polystachya al parecer tiene una capacidad intrínseca para disipar BaP de su rizosfera.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[PAH]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[rhizosphere]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hongos micorrízicos arbusculares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[HAP]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rizósfera]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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