<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigaciones geográficas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Invest. Geog]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geografía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-46112015000300122</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14350/rig.43790</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Inestabilidad de laderas e infraestructura vial: análisis de susceptibilidad en la Sierra Nororiental de Puebla, México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Slope instability and road infrastructure: susceptibility analysis of mass movement processes in the Sierra Nororiental, Puebla, Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcántara Ayala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Irasema]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Colegio de Geografía]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ D. F.]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Geografía Departamento de Geografía Física]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ D. F.]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>88</numero>
<fpage>122</fpage>
<lpage>145</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-46112015000300122&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-46112015000300122&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-46112015000300122&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En México y diversas partes del mundo los desastres asociados a la inestabilidad de laderas generan impactos negativos en el ámbito socio-económico y ambiental. Además de las pérdidas de vida, y el daño a la cubierta vegetal, las afectaciones a las viviendas y la infraestructura son frecuentes; en los últimos años, la destrucción y deterioro en la infraestructura vial ha sido de particular importancia. Entre las diferentes áreas del país que de manera recurrente suelen ser afectadas por inestabilidad de laderas, se encuentra la Sierra Norte del estado de Puebla. Pérdidas humanas y económicas directas e indirectas, resultado de la ocurrencia de procesos de remoción en masa (PRM) desencadenados principalmente por lluvias intensas, en comunidades vulnerables expuestas de esta región, han tenido lugar desde hace algunas décadas. El impacto en la infraestructura ha cobrado gran relevancia, especialmente desde 1999, razón por la cual este estudio se centró en el análisis de la susceptibilidad a procesos de remoción de masa en las principales carreteras de la región de la Sierra Nororiental de Puebla. Dicho análisis involucró la elaboración de un inventario de PRM, así como de la cartografía temática empleada como insumo para la aplicación del análisis multicriterio y pesos de evidencia. Se obtuvieron dos mapas de susceptibilidad de la región de interés, y los resultados fueron analizados a través de un índice de recurrencia de PRM. Finalmente, se efectuó el análisis espacial de la susceptibilidad a PRM de varios tramos carreteros de la Sierra Nororiental, con base en el análisis de proximidad y de superposición. El inventario de PRM generado se integró por 166 procesos de remoción en masa y 40 zonas potencialmente inestables. Las áreas de muy alta susceptibilidad corresponden a zonas con un relieve muy accidentado, mientras que las regiones planas coinciden con zonas de muy baja susceptibilidad. La variación de los resultados expresados en los mapas de susceptibilidad elaborados a partir de ambas metodologías implica que la zonificación resultado del análisis multicriterio tiende a producir valores más bajos en la zona urbana, mientras que en el peso de evidencia, se le confieren valores menores a zonas montañosas que pueden caracterizarse como potencialmente inestables debido a su naturaleza geológico-geomorfológica, pero que adolecen de registros o evidencias concretas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In Mexico and around the world, disasters associated with slope instability generate negative impacts on the socio-economic and environmental contexts. Besides the loss of life and damage to vegetation cover, the damages to homes and infrastructure are common. In recent years, the destruction and deterioration of road infrastructure has been of particular importance. The Sierra Norte de Puebla is among the different áreas of the country that are recurrently affected by slope instability. Direct and indirect human and economic losses result of the occurrence of mass movement processes (MMP) -mainly triggered by heavy rains- in vulnerable exposed communities in this region, have taken place since some decades. The impact on infrastructure has become important, especially since 1999. Therefore, this study is focused on the analysis of susceptibility to mass movement processes on the main roads of the Northeast region of the Sierra de Puebla. This analysis involved the development of an inventory of MMP as well as of the thematic maps used as input for the implementation of multi-criteria and weights of evidence analysis. Two maps of susceptibility of the region of interest were obtained and the results were analyzed by a recurrence index of MMP. Finally, the spatial analysis of susceptibility to MMP for several road sections of the Sierra Nororiental, based on the analysis of proximity and overlap, was made. The inventory was generated based on two procedures. The first was through direct observation in the field and data collection by using a global positioning system (GPS). The second was through remote sensing using SPOT satellite images and Google Earth. The inventory included 166 landslides and 40 potentially unstable areas. According to the recurrence index of MMP developed in order to analyze the produced maps, results obtained by applying the method of weights of evidence, showed that 72.28% of MMP occurred in the ranges of high and very high susceptibility, 24.1% in areas of medium susceptibility and 3.6% in the low range. The MMP categorized as low range were caused by human factors, and were situated in slope cuts or artificial excavations of small dimensions, which due to map scale and the interval of contour lines were not properly represented. Moreover, according to the multi-criteria analysis, 69.27% of MMP were located in the range of high and very high susceptibility, 23.49% are in areas of medium susceptibility and the remaining 7.22% were concentrated on low and very low areas of susceptibility. MMP that are in the low range are of small size and result from the constructions and cuts for roads, that is to say, to factors or parameters that were not considered directly in this analysis. The high susceptibility áreas correspond to áreas with very rugged terrain, while the fíat regions coincide with áreas of very low susceptibility. The variation of the results expressed in the susceptibility maps produced by applying both methodologies implies that the zoning of multi-criteria analysis tends to produce lower values in urban areas, while the weight of evidence, conferred lower values to mountain areas that can be centeracterized as potentially unstable due to its geological-geomorphological nature, but lacks of records or concrete evidence. This study represents a first step in the analysis of slope instability triggered by rainfall in the road infrastructure in the Sierra Nororiental de Puebla (North Eastern Range of Puebla). It is therefore important that future studies of multidisciplinary nature and especially the contribution of civil engineering perspective consider the interaction between the physical environment and road infrastructure. As such, it will be of great significant to address issues including slope cutting height, angle of slope, drainage works cleaning, type of cross section of the road, functionality of the retention works, type of soil and rock, rock fractures, discontinuities, the level of cutting of vegetation coverage, erosion processes, and rainfall- infiltration dynamics.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mass movement processes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[susceptibility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[road infrastructure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[multi-criteria analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[weights of evidence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Procesos de remoción en masa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[susceptibilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[infraestructura vial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis multicriterio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pesos de evidencia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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