<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4611</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigaciones geográficas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Invest. Geog]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4611</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geografía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-46112015000200102</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14350/rig.43499</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diseño de un indicador de necesidad socio-espacial para el análisis y la formación de decisiones sobre servicios sociales urbanos. Un estudio de caso]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Designing a socio-spatial need indicator for urban social services analysis and decision making. A case study]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Departamento de Geografía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>ES</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>87</numero>
<fpage>102</fpage>
<lpage>117</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-46112015000200102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-46112015000200102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-46112015000200102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[ResumenLa toma de decisiones sobre servicios sociales requiere, como paso previo, un conocimiento de las necesidades y de su distribución en el espacio, cuestión singularmente acuciante en ámbitos menos desarrollados o en periodos de crisis económica, cuando la cohesión socio-territorial se ve más amenazada. La cuestión de medir esas necesidades sociales ha sido tratada con métodos variados, por ser aquéllas muy diversas en naturaleza y porque en ciertos casos resultan elusivas. Incorporar la dimensión espacial supone un reto adicional, pero añade utilidades significativas de cara a la planificación socio-espacial.En línea con esa preocupación en este trabajo se aborda el problema de estimar las necesidades a atender por los centros de servicios sociales municipales (CSS). A tal fin se plantea el diseño de un indicador estadístico original por zonas intraurbanas, en cuya fórmula se integran los principales componentes generadores de la demanda real observada y también la renta per cápita, con el propósito de tomar en cuenta el relevante principio de equidad espacial. El indicador se ha aplicado experimentalmente, con el apoyo de un sistema de información geográfica (SIG) a la ciudad de Madrid para cuantificar la necesidad de CSS en dos tipos de unidades espaciales, distritos y secciones censales, que aportan utilidades complementarias. Los resultados desvelan las desiguales intraurbanas de ese tipo de necesidades y pueden servir de apoyo para la formación de decisiones públicas sobre dotación y localización de recursos sociales. Adicionalmente el trabajo incluye un ensayo preliminar de examinar estadísticamente las potencialidades y limitaciones del indicador propuesto para ambos tipos de unidades espaciales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[AbstractDecision-making regarding social services requires, as a preliminary step, a knowledge of the needs and their spatial distribution, a particularly pressing need in under-developed areas or during periods of economic crisis. It must also be borne in mind that, having established such needs, proposals should involve and be inspired on major principles such as socio-territorial equity and efficiency, as well as those of social cohesion and socio-demographic sustainability which are often violated or sidestepped.The task of measuring these social needs has been addressed from various disciplines (e.g. political science and public administration, economics, sociology, geography, marketing, urban planning, etc.) and with a variety of methods, owing to the wide diversity in the nature of such needs and because, in certain cases, they are elusive. Incorporating the spatial dimension adds a further challenge, but at the same time proves significantly useful for socio-spatial planning.In line with this endeavour, this work examines the problem of estimating the needs that must be met by the municipal social service centres (CSS) of Madrid, which are set up as a civic facility to provide free assistance with social problems. Basically, they deliver information, guidance and help to resolve citizens' requests. Among their most conspicuous functions we can mention: a) Information on resources and social benefits: pensions, public grants, scholarships, infant schools, elderly people's homes, adult day-care centres, drug addiction treatment centres, minors, etc.; b) Management of social benefits, both financial (e.g. integration/insertion income), and service related (e.g. home assistance and tele-assistance); c) Social intervention, both individual and in groups; and d) Advisory services for organisations and associations operating in the field of social welfare.For this purpose, an original statistical indicator for intraurban areas has been designed that is in keeping with the logic behind current use of the CSS and with the objectives for their provision. In short terms, it is assumed that the indicator should respond to the sum of several components generating current demand: on the one hand, the whole population, and on the other, the demographic segments most likely to have social needs: young people, the elderly and immigrants from less developed countries. The formal starting point for what we shall call the need-related or potential demand synthetic index (ISD) is the expression:ISD = f (population, young people, the elderly and immigrants)Each of the above components has been weighted. The weights of population groups are based on the proportion of actual users registered in one year. For the total population weight we have sought to take into account the important principle of spatial equity. As social needs, and by extension the propensity to use the CSS, spring up unevenly depending on socioeconomic status, we have postulated weighting the total population according to personal income. Consequently, the weight wpd, for a given area has been treated as a proportion of municipal income per capita with respect to that area, which may be a district or a small census unit (called census section). In formal terms:Where RPCM = Income per capita in Madrid, and RPCd = Income per capita in the spatial unit d.The formula finally adopted for the potential demand synthetic index for any spatial unit d, ISDd, is as follows:Where:Pd = Population of the spatial unit d,wpd = Weight for population in zone d, according to its level of income per capita, as described above,Jd = Number of young people in the spatial unit d,Ad = Number of elderly people in the spatial unit d,Id = Number of immigrants in the spatial unit d,wjd = weight for the young people group (0.10),wad = weight for the elderly people group (0.42),wid = weight for the immigrants group (0.27).The indicator has been applied experimentally, with the support of a geographical information system, to the city of Madrid in order to quantify the need for CSS in two types of spatial units, namely districts and census sections that provide complementary utilities for political actions.The results reveal intraurban inequalities in this type of needs, and may serve to support public decision-making on the provision and location of these social resources. This work further includes a preliminary statistical study of the potentials and limitations of the indicator proposed for both spatial unit types.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Social needs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social indicator]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social services]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[GIS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[local public policies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Necesidades sociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[indicador social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[servicios sociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SIG]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[políticas públicas locales]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La producción social de la necesidad]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economistas]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>26-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso Torrens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pobreza y desigualdad en la Comunidad de Madrid. Necesidades recursos y balance social]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Popular]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ayuntamiento de Madrid</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Jornadas Internacionales de Ayuda a Domicilio]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Área de Servicios Sociales y Comunitarios]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ayuntamiento de Madrid</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guía para la atención a la población inmigrante 2002]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Área de Servicios Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ayuntamiento de Madrid</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Memoria de los servicios sociales municipales 2002]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ayuntamiento de Madrid</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Indicador de Renta Disponible Bruta per cápita en el municipio de Madrid 1997-1999. Acceso a fichero de datos]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Dirección de Estadística]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ayuntamiento de Madrid</collab>
<source><![CDATA[La atención a menores y sus familias en los servicios sociales municipales]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Área de Servicios Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosque Sendra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. Moreno]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sistemas de información geográfica y localización óptima de instalaciones y equipamientos]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<edition>segunda</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[RA-MA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The concept of social need]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bradshaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[New Society]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<numero>30</numero>
<issue>30</issue>
<page-range>640-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Defining equal standards in local public services]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bramley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Urban Studies]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>391-412</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burkwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El plan de marketing. Guía de referencia]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pearson Educación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Algunas cuestiones en torno a los análisis socio-demográficos en la planificación de servicios sociales]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[M. A.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carbonero Gamundi]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[II Jornadas de Demografía Regional y Urbana]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<page-range>205-15</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Valencia ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developing a collaborative GIS in social services]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Folkoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drudge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jackson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geo Info Systems]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>44-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crompton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lamb Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ch.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Marketing government and social services]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley and Sons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Curtis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The geography of public welfare provision]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Equity and efficiency in the allocation of personal social services]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bebbington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Social Policy]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>309-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diez Tetamanti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escudero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cartografía social: investigaciones e intervención desde las ciencias sociales: métodos y experiencias de aplicación]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Comodoro Rivadavia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universitaria de la Patagonia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The demand for new recreational facilities: a Coventry case study]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Re-gional Studies]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>181-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doyal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teoría de las necesidades humanas]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Icaria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Planning the social services]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Farnborough ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Saxon House]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing the applicability of GIS in a health and social care setting: planning services for informal carers in East Sussex, England]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Social Science &amp; Medicine]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>79-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Planning for vulnerable groups. WP-126]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford Polytechnic]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golledge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stimson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spatial behavior: A geographic perspective]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Guilford Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heffernan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ingamells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delaforce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mapping youth-at-risk: GIS and its potential as a service integration tool]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Social Change in the 21st Century Conference]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heflin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The geography of need: Identifying human service needs in rural America]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[RUPRI, University of Missouri]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Why social work needs mapping]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hillier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Social Work Education]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>205-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geographic information systems and human services]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoefer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoefer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tobias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Community Practice]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>113-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Territorial justice and service allocation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Progress in urban geography]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<page-range>223-50</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Croom Helm]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Public services provision and urban development]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Croom Helm]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ph.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McMillan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Collier]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>The Free Press</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Social marketing. Strategies for changing public behavior]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Díaz de Santos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Las Heras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortajarena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Introducción al bienestar social]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Diplomados en Trabajo Social y Asistentes Sociales-Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lineberry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Equality and urban policy. The distribution of municipal public services]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Beverly Hills ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Massam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Location and space in social administration]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Edward Arnold]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Massam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The right place. Shared responsability and the location of public facilities]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Harlow ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Longman]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKillip]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Need analysis for the human services and education]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Beverly Hills ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. Moreno]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los sistemas de información geográfica en la planificación de servicios municipales]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 1erCongreso. Los sistemas de información geográfica en la gestión territorial]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Madrid </conf-loc>
<page-range>377-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Modelos para el estudio y previsión de la demanda de servicios colectivos]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ VColoquio de Geografía Cuantitativa. Actas: Comunicaciones]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Zaragz </conf-loc>
<page-range>501-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación de políticas y gestión de servicios locales con sistemas de información geográfica]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IIIJornadas sobre Tecnologías d la Información para la Modernización de la Administraciones Públicas]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Granada </conf-loc>
<page-range>379-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Planificación y gestión de servicios a la población desde la perspectiva territorial: algunas propuestas metodológicas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>115-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[En torno a los conceptos de equidad, justicia e igualdad espacial]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Huellas, Revista de la Universidad Nacional de la Pampa]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<month>7</month>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>133-42</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Argentina ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buzai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Justicia y eficiencia espacial como principios para la planificación: aplicación en la provisión de servicios colectivos con SIG]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ XIConferencia Iberoamericana de Sistemas de Información Geográfica]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Luján, Argentina </conf-loc>
<page-range>197-230</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los servicios colectivos y el desarrollo territorial: una reconsideración conceptual y metodológica actual]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buzai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis y planificación de servicios colecti-vos con sistemas de información geográfica]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>5-23</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y Universidad Nacional de Luján]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosque Sendra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diseño de un sistema de información geográfica para la gestión de servicios sociales]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 2Congreso. Los sistemas de información geográfica en el umbral del s. XXI]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Madrid </conf-loc>
<page-range>213-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuenzalida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Servicios y equipamientos para la población: análisis aplicados a la planificación y la gestión territorial]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrocho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buzai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geografía aplicada en Iberoamérica: avances, retos y perspectivas]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio Mexiquense]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asencio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[GIS and spatial analysis for the social sciences. Coding mapping and modeling]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York and London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sawicki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Basic methods of policy analysis and planning]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<edition>3ª</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Englewood Cliffs ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prentice Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cities and services. The geography of collective consumption]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge and Kegan Paul]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estimating unmet need for services: A middling approach]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Queralt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Witte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Social Service Review]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<numero>73</numero>
<issue>73</issue>
<page-range>524-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El análisis de las necesidades y recursos desde la perspectiva del trabajo social]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubí I.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martínez C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Servicios Sociales y Política Social]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<page-range>7-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geografía humana]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oikos-tau]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subirats]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación de políticas públicas y eficacia de la administración]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Administración Pública]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geographic information systems for the social sciences. Investigating space and place]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Thousands Oaks ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage Publications]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measurement of spatial equity]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Truelove]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Environment and Planning C]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>19-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Teaching geographic information systems for social work applications]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robertson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Social Work Education]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<numero>34</numero>
<issue>34</issue>
<page-range>81-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluating a community-based homelessness prevention program: A geographic information system approach]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hillier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Administration in Social Work]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>21-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
