<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-3380</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Economía: teoría y práctica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Econ: teor. práct]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-3380</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, a través de la Unidad Iztapalapa, la Unidad Azcapotzalco y la Unidad Xochimilco, División de Ciencias Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-33802019000200017</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24275/etypuam/ne/512019/morales</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Tendencias tecnológicas en el sector biotecnológico: análisis de patentes en México y Estados Unidos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Technological Trends in the Biotechnology Sector: Patent Analysis in Mexico and the United States]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaro Rosales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stezano Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Federico Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>51</numero>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>44</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-33802019000200017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-33802019000200017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-33802019000200017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Esta investigación tiene como objetivo comparar tendencias tecnológicas de patentamiento en biotecnología en Estados Unidos y México, con la finalidad de identificar patrones convergentes entre ambos países durante el periodo 2009-2014, para determinar si las tecnologías que se patentan en México se equiparan con las que se patentan en el país líder en el desarrollo biotecnológico a nivel mundial. El sector biotecnológico se define con base en la clasificación propuesta por la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), a partir del uso de la Clasificación Internacional de Patentes (CIP) y se propone una nueva subdivisión sectorial de la biotecnología. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que a pesar de que las trayectorias tecnológicas son similares en las empresas que patentan en ambos países, las mexicanas presentan un desempeño pobre, lo cual refleja que en trayectorias tecnológicas globales las ventanas de oportunidad para las empresas nacionales se sitúan en tecnologías pre-paradigmáticas, rango en el que aspiran a desarrollar estrategias imitativas tempranas en nichos no explotados por las empresas transnacionales, pero no se sitúan en la frontera tecnológica mundial.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The objective of this research is to compare technology trends in biotechnology patenting in the United States and Mexico, in order to identify patterns of convergence between the two countries in the 2009-2014 period and determine whether the technologies patented in Mexico are comparable to those that are patented in the country that leads the world in biotechnological development. Based on the classification proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the biotechnology sector definition is based on the use of the International Patent Classification (CIP), and a new sectoral subdivision of biotechnology is proposed. The results obtained show that although the technological routes are similar in the companies that patent in both countries, Mexican companies display poor performance, which reflects that, in global technological development, the windows of opportunity for national companies are situated in pre-paradigmatic technologies, where they aspire to develop early imitative strategies in niches not exploited by transnational corporations but not on the frontier of world technology.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desarrollo tecnológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[patentes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biotecnología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Technological development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[patents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biotechnology]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incentivos y colaboraciones universidad-empresa: un estudio en el sector biotecnológico mexicano]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Innovación y competitividad en la sociedad del conocimiento]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>371-96</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Plaza y Valdés Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sistema sectorial de innovación biotecnológica en México: análisis y caracterización de sus principales componentes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista REDES]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>42</numero>
<issue>42</issue>
<page-range>13-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vincularse y crecer juntos: iasa y ciba-Tlaxcala]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las vicisitudes de la innovación en biotecnología y nanotecnología en México]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>172-91</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UAMX]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anandajayasekeram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ponnia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gebremedhin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Berhanu]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Integrating innovation systems perspective and value chain analysis in agricultural research for development: Implications and challenges. Improving Productivity and Market Success (IPMS) of Ethiopian Farmers Project]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bianchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biotecnología para salud humana, estrategias de desarrollo y políticas públicas. Brasil 2004-2016]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavarello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sztulwark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Explorando el camino de la imitación creativa: la industria biofarmacéutica argentina en los 2000]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>60-80</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Carolina Kenigstein]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avendaño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luisa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nopalimex y la generación de energías limpias]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las vicisitudes de la innovación en biotecnología y nanotecnología en México]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>192-217</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellacci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fulvio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Technological regimes and sectoral differences in productivity growth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Industrial and Corporate Change]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1105-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cimoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dosi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Giovanni]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Technological Paradigms, Patterns of Learning and Development: An Introductory Roadmap]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Evolutionary Economics]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>243-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carullo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vismara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Inventario de programas de apoyo a proyectos biotecnológicos innovadores]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cimoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Primi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Annalisa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intellectual Property and Development: An Interpretation of the (new) Markets for Knowledge]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Knowledge Generation and Protection Intellectual Property, Innovation and Economic Development]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>3-26</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coriat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benjamin]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orsi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabianne]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weinstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oliver]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does Biotech Reflect a New Science-based Innovation Regime?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Industry and Innovation]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>231-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Gortari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rebeca]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nelly]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eréndira]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fungifree Ab ®]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las vicisitudes de la innovación en biotecnología y nanotecnología en México]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>142-71</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UAMX]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Economics of Knowledge]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavarello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biotecnología industrial en Argentina: estrategias empresariales frente al nuevo paradigma]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Technological Opportunity and Spillovers of R&amp;D: Evidence from Firms´Patents, Profits, and Market Value]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>984-1001</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klepper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Steven]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Industry Life Cycles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Industrial and Corporate Change]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>145-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Malerba]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sectoral systems of innovation: concepts, issues and analyses of six major sectors in Europe]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Malerba]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Learning and catching up in different sectoral systems: evidence from six industries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Industrial and Corporate Change]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1645-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKelvey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maureen]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orsenigo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luigo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pammolli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pharmaceuticals analyzed through the lens of a sectoral innovation system]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Malerba]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sectoral systems of innovation. Concepts, issues and analyses of six major sector in Europe]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<page-range>73-119</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcela Amaro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Panorama general de la biotecnología en México y el mundo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las vicisitudes de la innovación en biotecnología y nanotecnología en México]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>33-67</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UAMX]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Convergencia de capacidades científicas y tecnológicas en el sector de la biotecnología farmacéutica en México]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Gortary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rebeca]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stezano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Federico]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Convergencia de conocimiento para beneficio de la sociedad. Tendencias, perspectivas, debates y desafíos]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>139-61</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Conacyt]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sidney]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simulation of Schumpeterian Competition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>271-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OECD</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Modern Biotechnology, and Agricultural Markets. A discussion of selected issues]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OECD</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Bioeconomy to 2030]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Designing a policy agenda]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OECD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>OECD</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bioterchnology update]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Newsletter]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>29</numero>
<issue>29</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oldham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephen]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biological diversity in the patent system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS ONE]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlota]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El cambio tecnológico y las oportunidades de desarrollo como blanco móvil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la CEPAL]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<numero>75</numero>
<issue>75</issue>
<page-range>115-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Verónica]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yoguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erbes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Analía]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Apropiación y difusión de conocimiento, retornos crecientes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stezano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Federico]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Propuestas interpretativas para una sociedad basada en el conocimiento. Argentina, Colombia, México, Estados Unidos, Canadá]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>29-65</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Miño y Dávila]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stezano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Federico]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Construcción de redes de transferencia ciencia-industria en el sector de biotecnología en México. Estudio de caso sobre las vinculaciones tecnológicas entre investigadores de Cinvestav Irapuato y Langebio y empresas del sector agro-biotecnológico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Sociales]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>39</numero>
<issue>39</issue>
<page-range>9-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stezano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Federico]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El caso StelaGenomics]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las vicisitudes de la innovación en biotecnología y nanotecnología en México]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>141-70</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UAMX]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sztulwark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rentas de innovación en cadenas globales de producción. Provincia de Buenos Aires]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Argentina ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Situación de la biotecnología en el mundo]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Secretaría de Economía]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Yo innovo, él innova, todos innovamos: 15 casos apoyados por el FIT]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[BioSolutions: emprendimiento y eco-innovación en bioplásticos]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las vicisitudes de la innovación en biotecnología y nanotecnología en México]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>243-62</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UAMX]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chataway]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joanna]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maurice]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Issues in the Political Economy of Agricultural Biotechnology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Agrarian Change]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>342-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
