<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-2503</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de sociología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Mex. Sociol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-2503</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-25032018000400881</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Crédito, deuda y gubernamentalidad financiera en Chile]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Credit, debt and financial governance in Chile]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central de Chile  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>881</fpage>
<lpage>908</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-25032018000400881&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-25032018000400881&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-25032018000400881&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo desarrolla la idea de que el endeudamiento en Chile se ha convertido en una forma particular de &#8220;gobernar conductas&#8221; que puede describirse como &#8220;gubernamentalidad financiera&#8221;. Ésta se caracteriza por tres hechos fundamentales. Primero, las finanzas han servido como una política pública mediante la cual se posponen conflictos distributivos. Segundo, la financiarización consiste en &#8220;crear&#8221; sujetos económicamente viables a partir de hogares de ingresos bajos, para lo cual se clasifica y organiza la vida de los individuos. Y tercero, el manejo material y simbólico de las relaciones sociales de deuda se convierte en un elemento fundamental de la gobernabilidad democrática.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article develops the idea that indebtedness in Chile has become a particular way of &#8220;governing behaviors&#8221; that can be described as &#8220;financial governance&#8221;. Financial governance is characterized by three fundamental facts. Firstly, finance has served as a public policy whereby distributive conflicts have been postponed. Secondly, financialization consists of &#8220;creating&#8221; economically viable subjects from low-income households, for which the lives of individuals are classified and organized. Thirdly, material and symbolic debt management becomes a key element of democratic governance.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[financiarización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gubernamentalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crédito]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[deudas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[financialization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[governance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[credit]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[debt]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Opazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Household debt during the financial crisis: Micro-evidence from Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Documentos de Trabajo]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>695</numero>
<issue>695</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Central de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ariztía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tomás]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El consumo y los sectores medios en el Chile de los 90]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Católica de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Central</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Endeudamiento de los hogares en Chile: análisis e implicancias para la estabilidad financiera]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Macarena]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prácticas financieras en torno al uso del crédito en la industria]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ossandón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Destapando la caja negra: sociologías de los créditos de consumo en Chile]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bazoret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emanuelle]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fierro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clase media en Chile, 1990-2011: algunas implicancias sociales y políticas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Serie de Estudios]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Konrad Adenauer Stiftung]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beckert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jens]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Capitalism as a system of contingent expectations: toward a sociological microfoundation of political economy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MPIfG Discussion Paper]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<numero>12/4</numero>
<issue>12/4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cariceo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Óscar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La difusa naturaleza del Fondo Solidario de Crédito Universitario: entre la equidad, la solidaridad y el acceso a la educación]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ossandón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Destapando la caja negra: sociologías de los créditos de consumo en Chile]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casgrain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antoine]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La apuesta del endeudamiento en la política habitacional chilena]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista INVI]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>155-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madero Cabib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Todos somos de clase media: sobre el estatus social subjetivo en Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Latin American Research Review]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>155-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Cámara de Comercio de Santiago (CCS)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Retail en Chile: respuesta al nuevo consumidor chileno]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CCS]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dante]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Poverty and inequality in a rapid growth economy: Chile 1990-96]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Development Studies]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>181-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crouch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Colin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Strange Non-death of Neoliberalism]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Polity Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mitchell]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Governmentality. Power and Rule in Modern Society]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consumer credit default and collections: The shifting ontologies of market attachment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Consumption Markets &amp; Culture]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>468-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erturk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ismail]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Froud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julie]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sukhdev]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leaver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adam]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The democratization of finance? Promises, outcomes and conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of International Political Economy]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>553-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espeland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wendy Nelson]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mitchell]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A sociology of quantification]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Sociology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>401-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fligstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Neil]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The emergence of a finance culture in American households, 1989-2007]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Socio-Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>575-601</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Birth of Biopolitics. Lectures at the Collége de France 1978-1979]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fourcade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marion]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Healy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kieran]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Classification situations: Life-chances in the neoliberal era]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Accounting, Organizations and Society]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>559-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García de Freizas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magnabosco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patrícia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chile: Subsidies, credit and housing deficit]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cepal Review]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Poder, ideología y el consenso de Washington: desarrollo y expansión de la política chilena de la vivienda]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín del Instituto de la Vivienda]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>133-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El crédito hipotecario y el acceso a la vivienda para los hogares de menores ingresos en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cepal ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Where are the consumers?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cultural Studies]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>5-6</numero>
<issue>5-6</issue>
<page-range>781-806</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Micro-foundations of financialization. Status anxiety and the market for consumer credit in Chile]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Alemania ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universität zu Köln]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Privatized Keynesianism or conspicuous consumption? Status anxiety and the financialization of consumption in Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MPIfG Discussion Paper]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>17/03</numero>
<issue>17/03</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graeber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Debt, The First 5000 Years]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Melville House]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gregorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cowan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kevin]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baytelman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Política económico-social y bienestar: el caso de Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Serie Economía]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<numero>56</numero>
<issue>56</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riquelme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gregorio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[CAE: cómo se creó y opera el crédito que le deja a los bancos ganancias por $150 mil millones]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigaciones Periodísticas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Should I trust the bank or the social movement?&#8217; Motivated reasoning and debtors&#8217; work to accept misinformation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sociological Forum]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>900-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Clara]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Life in Debt: Times of Care and Violence in Neoliberal Chile]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berkeley ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kooiman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exploring the concept of governability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>171-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Langley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Everyday Life of Global Finance: Saving and Borrowing in Anglo-America]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larrañaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Osvaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los recientes cambios en la desigualdad y la pobreza en Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Públicos]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>109</numero>
<issue>109</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larrañaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Osvaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Elena]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estabilidad en la desigualdad. Chile 1990-2003]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios de Economía]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>295-329</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lena]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How social developmentalism reframed social policy in Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Political Economy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>628-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thomas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Foucault, governmentality, and critique]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rethinking Marxism]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>49-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Credit Card Nation: The Consequences of America&#8217;s Addiction to Credit]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Basic Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marambio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bancarización, crédito y endeudamiento en los sectores medios chilenos: tácticas de acceso, diferenciación social y espejismo de la movilidad]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Donncha]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Consumer Credit in the United States: A Sociological Perspective from the 19th Century]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peter]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nikolas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Governing economic life]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economy and Society]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ministerio de Educación (MINEDUC)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe Fondo Solidario de Crédito Universitario 1994-2010]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Mineduc-División de Educación Superior]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarjizán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El éxito de las casas comerciales en Chile: ¿regulación o buena gestión?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Documentos de Trabajo]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>565</numero>
<issue>565</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Central de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montgomerie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johnna]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The financialization of the American credit card industry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Competition &amp; Change]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>301-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morandé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Financiamiento de la vivienda en Chile]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Sociedad de Economía de Chile]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moulian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tomás]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chile actual, anatomía de un mito]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[LOM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nadesan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Majia Holmer]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Governmentality, Biopower and Everyday Life]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Education at a Glance 2014: OECD Indicators]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OECD Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ossandón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Classifying people and things in consumer credit: a research agenda]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revue Française de Socio-Économie]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>83-100</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ossandón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sowing consumers in the garden of mass retailing in Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Consumption Markets &amp; Culture]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>429-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peebles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustav]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The anthropology of credit and debt]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Anthropology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>225-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prats]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gobernabilidad democra&#769;tica para el desarrollo humano. Marco conceptual y anali&#769;tico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Instituciones y Desarrollo]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>103-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Nosotros los chilenos: un desafío cultural]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[PNUD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rajan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raghuram]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fault Lines. How Hidden Fractures Strill Threaten the World Economy]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos Zincke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Poverty as epistemic object of government: State cognitive equipment and social science operations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Science Information]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>91-114</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Róna-Tas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Akos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The off-label use of consumer credit ratings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>52-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Róna-Tas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Akos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guseva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alya]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Plastic Money: Constructing Markets for Credit Cards in Eight Postcommunist Countries]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[California ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Stanford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Tagle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leidy]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Álvaro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Proceso de endeudamiento y sobreendeudamiento de los hogares en Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Documentos de Trabajo]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>703</numero>
<issue>703</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Central de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salamanca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El crédito como instrumento para financiar el acceso y la mantención de estudiantes en las instituciones de educación superior en Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio de Caso]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<numero>52</numero>
<issue>52</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago, Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Chile-Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estructura, diferenciación y convergencia de los aranceles universitarios en Chile, 1999 a 2009]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caparrós]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>398-421</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[E-books: Asociación de Economía de la Educación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soederberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susanne]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The us debtfare state and the credit card industry: Forging spaces of dispossession]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antipode]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>493-512</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Starr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social categories and claims in the liberal state]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Research]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>263-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stillerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chile&#8217;s forgotten consumers: Poor urban families, consumption strategies, and the moral economy of risk in Santiago]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sinclair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pertierra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anna Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Consumer Culture in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>67-80</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Streeck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wolfgang]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Buying Time: The Delayed Crisis of Democratic Capitalism]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Verso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tironi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eugenio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La irrupción de las masas y el malestar de las elites: Chile en el cambio de siglo]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grijalbo-Mondadori]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trumbull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gunnar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Consumer Lending in France and America: Credit and Welfare]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Bavel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ren]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sell-Trujillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucõa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understandings of consumerism in Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Consumer Culture]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>343-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van der Zwan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natascha]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Making sense of financialization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Socio-Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>99-129</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viñuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dicom en la opinión pública: análisis de una controversia social y técnica]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ossandón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Destapando la caja negra. Sociologías de los créditos de consumo en Chile]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>69-90</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Diego Portales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
