<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-893X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Educación química]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Educ. quím]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-893X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-893X2021000100147</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fq.18708404e.2021.1.72936</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Frédéric Alphonse Musculus]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wisniak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of the Negev  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Israel</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>147</fpage>
<lpage>159</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-893X2021000100147&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-893X2021000100147&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-893X2021000100147&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Frédéric Alphonse Musculus (1828-1888) was a French military pharmacist who worked mainly on starch, its reactions, and derivatives, and urease. His found that dextrin was not the product of a hydration alone but the result of the decomposition of the starchy matter. Dextrin and glucose appeared always in the same 2:1 ratio. The same results were obtained using diluted sulfuric acid or diastase as the reaction agent. He showed that the results of Payen on the subject were wrong because he had used an impure dextrin. Together with David Gruber, a major brewer producer, synthesized many starch derivatives, among them, erythrodextrin, achroodextrin a, b, g, and soluble starch, and concluded that starch was a polysaccharide of formula n(C12H20O10), where n was larger than 5 or 6. With Méring he studied the action of saliva and pancreatic juice upon glucose and glycogen. Musculus separated from putrefying urine a ferment, which eventually Miquel would name urease.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Frédéric Alphonse Musculus (1828-1888) fue un farmacéutico militar francés que investigó principalmente el almidón, sus reacciones y derivados, y la ureasa. Encontró que la dextrina no era el resultado de solo una hidratación, pero el efecto de la descomposición de la sustancia. La dextrina y la glucosa aparecían siempre en la razón 2:1. Los mismos resultados eran producidos cuando el agente activo era el ácido sulfúrico diluido o la diastasa. Demostró que los resultados de Payen eran erróneos porque había usado una dextrina impura. Junto con David Gruber, un importante fabricante de cerveza, sintetizaron una variedad de derivados del almidón, entre ellos, la eritrodextrina, las acroodextrinas a, b, g, y el almidón soluble, y concluyeron que el almidón era un polisacárido de fórmula n(C12H20O10), en que n era mayor de 5 ó 6. Junto con Méring estudiaron la acción de la saliva y la secreción pancreática sobre la glucosa y el glicógeno. Musculus separó de la orina putrefacta un fermento que eventualmente Miquel llamó ureasa.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dextrin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ferments]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[glucose]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[glycogen]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[soluble dextrin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[urine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Dextrina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dextrina soluble]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fermentos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[glicógeno]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[glucosa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[orina]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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