<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362025000100017</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/atm.53442</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A quantitative study of extreme rainfall intensity and occurrence in northern Algeria]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Attou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ahmed Kheloufi]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baba-Hamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kamila]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouanani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abderrazak]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Tlemcen Laboratory (No. 25), Promotion of Water, Mineral and Soil Resources, Environmental Legislation and Technological Choices ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Algeria</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>39</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362025000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362025000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362025000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This paper examines the characteristics associated with the spatiotemporal evolution of extreme precipitation, assesses its recurrence frequency, and predicts future return levels over northern Algeria. The study employs extreme precipitation indices in conjunction with the application of extreme value theory to a rainfall dataset spanning from 1982 to 2022. The study focused on modeling the index that demonstrated the highest percentage of significant positive trends at the &#945; = 0.05 significance level. This was accomplished through the utilization of the Mann-Kendall test and the generalized extreme value distribution. Subsequently, the model was validated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov fit test. The results revealed that the northeastern region of the study area experienced a more pronounced increase in rainfall intensity compared to the southern and western regions. Significant trends in precipitation intensity were observed over time. Notably, the index of days with rainfall exceeding 20 mm demonstrated the highest percentage of positive trends, with 88% of meteorological stations exhibiting an upward trend. Furthermore, a strong correlation was identified between the index of days with rainfall exceeding 20 mm and the very wet days index, particularly in the high plateaus and western region. This finding supports the hypothesis that extreme rainfall patterns are becoming more frequent in the region.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En este trabajo se examinan las características asociadas a la evolución espaciotemporal de las precipitaciones extremas, se evalúa su frecuencia de recurrencia y se predicen los futuros niveles de retorno sobre el norte de Argelia. El estudio emplea índices de precipitación extrema junto con la aplicación de la teoría de valores extremos a un conjunto de datos pluviométricos que abarcan de 1982 a 2022. El estudio se concentró en la modelización del índice que demostró el mayor porcentaje de tendencias positivas significativas al nivel de significancia &#945; = 5%. Para ello se utilizaron la prueba de Mann-Kendall y la distribución del valor extremo generalizado. Posteriormente, el modelo se validó mediante la prueba de ajuste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Los resultados revelaron que la región nororiental de la zona de estudio presentaba un aumento más pronunciado de la intensidad de precipitaciones en comparación con las regiones meridional y occidental. Se observaron tendencias significativas en la intensidad de las precipitaciones a lo largo del tiempo. En particular, el índice de días con precipitaciones superiores a 20 mm presentó el mayor porcentaje de tendencias positivas, con un 88% de las estaciones meteorológicas mostrando una tendencia al alza. Además, se identificó una fuerte correlación entre el índice de días con precipitaciones superiores a 20 mm y el índice de días muy húmedos, particularmente en las mesetas altas y en la región occidental. Este hallazgo apoya la hipótesis de que los patrones de precipitaciones extremas son cada vez más frecuentes en la región.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[North Algeria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[climate change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[extreme rainfall]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[indices]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[R20mm]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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