<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362024000100043</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/atm.53356</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Simulation of the Planetary Boundary Layer characteristics and its relation to air quality in the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wilson William da]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vanessa Silveira Barreto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aline Araújo de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reboita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michelle Simões]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albuquerque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Taciana Toledo de Almeida]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal de Itajubá Instituto de Recursos Naturais ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Minas Gerais ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Departamento de Engenharia e Sanitária Ambiental ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Minas Gerais ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362024000100043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362024000100043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362024000100043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Frequently in the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro (MARJ), air quality monitoring stations record concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) and ozone (O3) above the reference values proposed by the World Health Organization. In this region, weather conditions combined with high atmospheric pollutant emissions and complex topography favor the occurrence of high concentrations of pollutants such as PM10 and O3 for several consecutive days. Hence, this study evaluated 1) the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) conditions simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and b) its relation to the air quality recorded during days with high concentrations of O3 and PM10 in the MARJ. Two episodes, one during summertime when high O3 concentrations were registered and one during the winter with high PM10 concentrations, were considered. The study used the WRF model to simulate conditions during those periods. Upper air and surface observations, synoptic charts, and satellite images were used to verify WRF results. In both periods, it was possible to identify the influence of the South Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone associated with clear sky conditions, slight air subsidence, and weaker winds. The comparison with observations showed the model simulated coherently local weather conditions. Weaker winds and the performance of the sea breeze during the afternoon favored the maintenance of pollutants and their transport to the northeast/northwest of the region. In general, WRF consistently represented the height of the PBL and atmospheric stability. Therefore, this study shows that WRF results can be used to simulate PBL conditions and could be used as a source of upper air information in the MARJ.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En la Región Metropolitana de Río de Janeiro (RMRJ), las estaciones de monitoreo de la calidad del aire registran con frecuencia concentraciones de partículas en suspensión (PM10) y ozono (O3) superiores a los valores de referencia propuestos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. En esta región, las condiciones climáticas combinadas con altas emisiones de contaminantes atmosféricos y una topografía compleja favorecen la ocurrencia de altas concentraciones de contaminantes como PM10 y O3 durante varios días consecutivos. Por lo tanto, este estudio evaluó (1) las condiciones de la capa límite planetaria (PBL, por su sigla en inglés) simuladas por el modelo WRF, y (b) su relación con la calidad del aire registrada durante los días con altas concentraciones de O3 y PM10 en el MARJ. Se consideraron dos episodios, uno durante el verano cuando se registraron altas concentraciones de O3 y otro durante el invierno con altas concentraciones de PM10. El estudio utilizó el modelo de investigación y pronóstico del clima (WRF) para simular las condiciones durante dichos periodos. Se utilizaron observaciones de superficie y de la capa superior atmosférica, gráficos sinópticos e imágenes de satélite para verificar los resultados del WRF. En ambos periodos fue posible identificar la influencia del anticiclón subtropical del Atlántico Sur asociado a condiciones de cielo despejado, ligero subsidencia del aire y vientos más débiles. La comparación con las observaciones mostró que el modelo simuló con coherencia las condiciones climáticas. Los vientos más débiles y el comportamiento de la brisa marina durante la tarde favorecen el mantenimiento de los contaminantes y su transporte hacia el noreste/noroeste de la región. En general, el modelo WRF representó consistentemente la altura de la PBL y la estabilidad atmosférica. Por lo tanto, este estudio muestra que los resultados del WRF pueden usarse para simular condiciones de la PBL y podrían usarse como fuente de información de la capa superior del aire en el MARJ.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ozone]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[particulate matter]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[weather conditions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[atmospheric stability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[WRF]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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