<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362023000300127</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/atm.53184</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Very high erythemal doses of ultraviolet radiation around solar noon measured in Arica, northern Chile]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laroze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corrêa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcelo de Paula]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Tarapacá Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Física]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Arica ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Tarapacá Instituto de Alta Investigación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Arica ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal de Itajubá Instituto de Recursos Naturais ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Itajubá/MG]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362023000300127&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362023000300127&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362023000300127&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT News media and meteorological bulletins generally report on the ultraviolet index (UVI) to prevent overexposure to the sun. However, this information does not reflect the accumulated damage to the skin induced by the total amount of UVR (ultraviolet radiation) accumulated over time, known as erythemal dose (ED). This study analyzed the UVI and ED measured at ±30 and ±60 minutes around solar noon (SN) in Arica, North of Chile. The results show that SN ED exceeded the Minimum Erythema Dose (MED) for all the skin types. During the summer, shorts exposures to sunlight for up to 1 hour may result in sun exposure up to 10 times greater than the acceptable occupational safe limit for unprotected human skin.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En general, los medios de comunicación y los boletines meteorológicos informan sobre el índice ultravioleta (UVI) para prevenir la sobreexposición al sol. Sin embargo, esta información no refleja el daño acumulado en la piel inducido por la cantidad total de UVR (radiación ultravioleta por sus siglas en inglés) acumulada en el tiempo, conocida como dosis eritematosa (ED). Este estudio analizó el UVI y el ED medidos a ±30 y ±60 minutos alrededor del mediodía solar (SN) en Arica, Norte de Chile. Los resultados muestran que SN ED superó la Mínima Dosis Eritematosa (MED por sus siglas en inglés) para todos los tipos de piel. Durante el verano, las exposiciones cortas a la luz solar de hasta 1 hora pueden resultar en una exposición solar hasta 10 veces mayor que el límite de seguridad ocupacional aceptable para la piel humana sin protección.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ultraviolet index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[skin cancer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[human health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[photoprotection]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<collab>ACGIH</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Threshold Limit Values (TLVS) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIS)]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>USA </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>ARPANSA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Dose Explained: UV Dose is Important]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bilbao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Migue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Erythemal Solar Irradiance, UVER, and UV Index from Ground-Based Data in Central Spain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Sciences]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>10</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zemelman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamudio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Knowledge and attitude regardings sun exposure in the workers from primary health care, district of Recoleta, Santiago, Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>185-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Paula Corrêa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CM Pires]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Doses of erythemal ultraviolet radiation observed in Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Dermatology]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>966-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Paula Corrêa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Germano Marciano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silveira Barreto Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernardo de Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Silveira Carvalho Ripper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Breton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Vecchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exposome extrinsic factors in the tropics: the need for skin protection beyond solar UV radiation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science of the Total Environment]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>782</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fitzpatrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cesarini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kollias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pathak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Human melanin pigmentation: role in pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeise]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chedekel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fitzpatrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Melanin: Its Role in Human Photoprotection]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<page-range>177-82</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Overland Park, KS ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Valdenmar Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[UV Doses worldwide]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Photochemistry and Photobiology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<page-range>736-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<page-range>362-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>ICNIRP</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guidelines on limits of exposure to ultraviolet radiation of wavelength between 180 nm and 400 nm (incoherent optical radiation). International Commission of Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Health Physics]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<page-range>171-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leiter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garbe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiology of Skin Cancer: Update 2019]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reichrath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1268]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>123-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luccini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canziani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cloud effective transmittance at two sites of the Atacama Desert, Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Geophysical Research Tmospheres]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>116</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beauchet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Paula Corrêa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godin-Beekmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haeffelin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fay-Chatelard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jégou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saiag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aegerter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Outdoor sports and risk of ultraviolet radiation-related skin lesions in children: evaluation of risks and prevention]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[British Journal of Dermatology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>165</volume>
<page-range>360-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKinlay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diffey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A reference action Spectrum for ultraviolet-induced erythema in human skin]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Passchler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bosnajokovic]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Human Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation: Risks and Regulations]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<page-range>17-22</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Amsterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>MSC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Primer Informe de Registros Poblacionales de Cáncer de Chile, Quinquenio 2003-2007]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unidad de Vigilancia de Enfermedades No Transmisibles y Estudios Departamento de Epidemiología, División Planificación Sanitaria, Subsecretaría de Salud Pública. Ministerio de Salud de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>NRPB</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Health effects from ultraviolet radiation. Documents of the NRPB volume 13 number 1: health effects from ultraviolet radiation: report of an Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation (AGNIR)]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxfordshire ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[National Radiological Protection Board]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponsonby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Mei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IAF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[UVR, Vitamin D and Three Autoimmune Diseases Multiple Sclerosis, Type 1 Diabetes, Rheumatoid Arthritis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Photochemistry and Photobiology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<page-range>1267-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calaf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultraviolet light exposure and skin cancer in the city of Arica, Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Molecular Medicine Reports]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>567-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calaf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barberán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liberman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Paula Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer rates, vitamin D and latitude]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oncology Letters]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>3787-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ALC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corrêa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Daily Maximum Erythemal Dose Rates in the Tropics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Photochemistry and Photobiology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<page-range>886-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mat Jafri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MZ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Study on solar ultraviolet erythemal dose distribution over Peninsular Malaysia using Ozone Monitoring Instrument]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>105-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>WMO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Global Solar UV Index: A Practical Guide]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Health Organization 2002]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>YES</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Operation manual calibrated high range YES-biometer]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Turners Falls, Massachusetts ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yankee Environmental Systems]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute effects of UVR on human eyes and skin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<page-range>80-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
