<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362023000300124</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/atm.53167</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Synoptic characteristics of the spatial variability of spring dust storms over Saudi Arabia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Abbasi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Khaled A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Labban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abdulhaleem H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Awad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adel M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,King Abdulaziz University Department of Meteorology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Jeddah ]]></addr-line>
<country>Saudi Arabia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362023000300124&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362023000300124&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362023000300124&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Statistical and synoptic studies of spring dust storms over the Arabian Peninsula (AP) were performed using surface observations from 27 surface stations and meteorological data from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data set for the period 1978-2008. The study showed that, spatially, the northern and eastern AP are the regions most affected by dust storms and that, temporally, the study period can be divided into two subperiods: before and after 1995, with a pronounced increase before 1995 and a smooth increase (decrease) after 1995 with respect to dust (dust storms) types. The synoptic study reveals three main atmospheric systems: frontal systems over the northern region, Red Sea Trough ()-related systems over the western region, and thermal low systems over the eastern region. Additionally, the synoptic study shows that all the atmospheric systems are associated with a favorable pressure (geopotential) gradient area and that the shape and strength of the maximum wind and upper-layer atmospheric regimes are suitable for completely integrating the atmospheric layers. Moreover, the southern thermal low is a common synoptic component of dust-related atmospheric systems, but its effect is particularly pronounced in the atmospheric system of the eastern region.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El estudio estadístico y sinóptico de las tormentas de polvo de primavera sobre la Península Arábiga (PA) se estudió utilizando observaciones de 27 estaciones de superficie y datos meteorológicos del reanálisis de NCEP/NCAR para el periodo 1978-2008. El estudio muestra que espacialmente las regiones norte y este de la PA son las más afectadas por las tormentas de polvo y que, temporalmente, el periodo de estudio se puede dividir en dos subperíodos: antes y después de 1995, con un aumento pronunciado antes de 1995 y un aumento (disminución) suave después de 1995 con relación a los tipos de polvo (tormentas de polvo). El análisis sinóptico revela tres sistemas atmosféricos principales: sistemas frontales sobre la región norte, sistemas relacionados con la vaguada del Mar Rojo sobre la región occidental y sistemas térmicos bajos sobre la región oriental., Además, el estudio sinóptico muestra que todos los sistemas atmosféricos están asociados con un área de gradiente de presión (geopotencial) favorable, y que la forma y fuerza de los regímenes atmosféricos de viento máximo y capa superior son adecuados para integrar completamente las capas atmosféricas. Además, la baja térmica del sur es un componente sinóptico común de los sistemas atmosféricos relacionados con el polvo, pero su efecto es particularmente pronunciado en el sistema atmosférico de la región oriental.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spring dust]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[synoptic system]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Saudi Arabia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spatial dust variability]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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