<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362022000300467</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/atm.52954</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Analysis of meteorological droughts in the Sonora river basin, Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Vásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudio César]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibáñez Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura Alicia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arteaga Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ramón]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Chapingo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Chapingo Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Departamento de Irrigación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Chapingo Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Departamento de Suelos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Chapingo Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>467</fpage>
<lpage>482</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362022000300467&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362022000300467&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362022000300467&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Drought is a complex natural hazard that has numerous negative effects on ecosystems, agriculture, and the economy. For this reason, it is difficult to provide a precise definition. Nevertheless, different conceptualizations converge in one common denominator: the deficit of precipitation with respect to an average historical value. Droughts in Mexico have been recurrent and persistent, resulting from complex interactions of the atmosphere with the oceans and the geographic and physiographic characteristic of the country. Several researchers have approached this phenomenon with indices to characterize it using features such as intensity, duration and frequency. In this study we analyze droughts in a spatiotemporal context at scales of 3, 6, 12 and 24 months with SPI and SPEI indices at 19 weather stations located in middle and upper regions of the Sonora River basin, Mexico, for the period 1974-2013. The regions were defined according to mean annual rainfall behavior, applying statistical techniques and analyzing the physiographic characteristics of the study region. Results indicate that drought intensity increased at the end of the time series analyzed, and important periods were identified in the years 1997, 1999, 2000 and 2011 to 2013. SPEI defined the drought periods and the increasing intensity trend better than SPI, demonstrating the importance of including variables such as evapotranspiration in the balance of available water.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La sequía es un peligro natural complejo que tiene numerosos efectos negativos en los ecosistemas, la agricultura y la economía. Por esta razón, es difícil dar una definición precisa. Sin embargo, diferentes conceptualizaciones convergen en un denominador común: el déficit de precipitación con respecto a un valor histórico promedio. Las sequías en México han sido recurrentes y persistentes, como resultado de complejas interacciones de la atmósfera con los océanos y las características geográficas y fisiográficas del país. Varios investigadores han abordado este fenómeno utilizando índices para caracterizarlo, considerando características como la intensidad, la duración y la frecuencia. En este estudio analizamos las sequías en un contexto espacio-temporal a escalas de 3, 6, 12 y 24 meses con los índices SPI y SPEI en 19 estaciones meteorológicas ubicadas en las regiones media y alta de la cuenca del río Sonora, México, para el período 1974 -2013. Las regiones se definieron de acuerdo con el comportamiento de la precipitación media anual, aplicando técnicas estadísticas y analizando las características fisiográficas de la región de estudio. Los resultados indican que la intensidad de la sequía aumentó al final de la serie temporal analizada, y se identificaron períodos importantes en los años 1997, 1999, 2000 y 2011 a 2013. El SPEI definió los períodos de sequía y la tendencia creciente de la intensidad mejor que el SPI, lo que demuestra la importancia de incluir variables como la evapotranspiración en el balance de agua disponible.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SPI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SPEI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[principal components analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[regionalization of precipitation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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