<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362022000200221</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/atm.52910</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Statistical analysis of the relationship between Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasconcellos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernanda Cerqueira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mattos-Gava]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Lívia Lins]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sansigolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Clovis Angeli]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Geosciences Institute Department of Meteorology]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,National Institute for Space Research (INPE)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[São José dos Campos ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>221</fpage>
<lpage>235</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362022000200221&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362022000200221&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362022000200221&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is an extratropical pattern that influences the climate of all Southern Hemisphere. However, the variability of this mode is an active area of research. The influence of lower frequency modes on SAM is a path to better knowledge about this pattern. The relationship between Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and SAM&#8217;s counterpart in the Northern Hemisphere (Northern Annular Mode) has been addressed by previous work. Still, few studies focus on the association between QBO and SAM. The goal of this work was to evaluate the possible QBO-SAM relationship through statistical analyses. This association was investigated by comparing QBO and SAM indices, the latter on different levels of the troposphere and stratosphere, for the 1981-2010 period. The wavelet analysis showed that the SAM indices for troposphere and stratosphere presented variability in many scales, including a two-year band. Cross-wavelets techniques between QBO and SAM ratified that this relation has a complex interaction. There was a significant common high power around the two-year band, with lags varying over the analyzed period, including no lag. Further analysis without lag confirmed previous studies, indicating that the negative (positive) SAM phase is more frequent for easterly (westerly) QBO. However, this was not valid for all months. Some additional analysis suggested that the upward wave propagation to the stratosphere for each QBO phase changes the stratospheric jet and, consequently, the SAM phase.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El Modo Anular del Sur (SAM) es un patrón extratropical que influye en el clima de todo el hemisferio sur. Sin embargo, la variabilidad de este modo es un área de investigación activa. La influencia de los modos de frecuencia más baja en SAM es un camino hacia un mejor conocimiento sobre este patrón. La relación entre la Oscilación Cuasi-Bienal (QBO) y la contraparte de SAM en el Hemisferio Norte (Modo Anular del Norte) se ha abordado en trabajos anteriores. Aún así, pocos estudios se centran en la asociación entre QBO y SAM. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la posible relación QBO-SAM mediante análisis estadísticos. Esta asociación se investigó comparando los índices QBO y SAM, este último en diferentes niveles de la tropósfera y la estratósfera, para el período 1981-2010. El análisis de ondeletas mostró que los índices SAM para la tropósfera y la estratósfera presentaban variabilidad en muchas escalas, incluida una banda de dos años. La técnica de ondeletas cruzadas (&#8220;cross-wavelets&#8221;) entre QBO y SAM identificó que dicha relación tiene una interacción compleja. Hubo una alta potencia común significativa alrededor de la banda de dos años, con rezagos que variaron durante el período analizado, incluido sin rezago. Un análisis adicional sin rezago confirmó estudios previos, lo que indica que la fase SAM negativa (positiva) es más frecuente para QBO del este (oeste). Sin embargo, esto no fue válido para todos los meses. Algunos análisis adicionales sugirieron que la propagación de ondas ascendentes a la estratósfera para cada fase de QBO cambia el chorro estratosférico y, en consecuencia, la fase de SAM.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Teleconnection patterns]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[wavelets]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[wave propagation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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