<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362021000400417</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/atm.52843</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Evaluation and calibration of downward longwave radiation models under cloudless sky at Ile-Ife, Nigeria]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soneye-Arogundade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Olanrewaju Olukemi]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Anchor University Lagos Department of Physics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Nigeria</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>417</fpage>
<lpage>432</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362021000400417&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362021000400417&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362021000400417&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Downward longwave radiation flux is an important variable for estimating net radiation, in order to investigate the surface energy budget and carry out climatic studies. The flux is usually estimated using empirical models based on the information of meteorological parameters such as relative humidity, surface and air temperature, and water vapor pressure. This paper presents the assessment of 11 widely used empirical models for estimating downward longwave radiation using a ground-based dataset acquired from January 2016 to December 2017 at Ile-Ife, a tropical city in Nigeria. The original Idso and Niemela et al. models performed better than other models with errors less than 5.0% when compared to measured values. The performances of all the models improved greatly after calibration. The Guest model, which gave low errors (MBE = 0.65 Wm-2, RMBE = 0.15%, RMSE = 9.38 Wm-2, RRMSE = 2.14%, MAE = 7.84 Wm-2, RMAE = 1.79%), performed best followed by the Dilley and O&#8217;Brien, Idso, Prata, Brutsaert, Garratt, Niemela et al., and Ångström models. The calibrated models presented in this study can be used to estimate the flux under cloudless sky conditions at Ile-Ife and at other places with similar meteorological conditions, where this flux is not measured due to technological problems and the high cost of purchasing and maintaining the needed sensors. The proposed model for estimating the flux showed better performance with lower statistical errors than all the existing empirical models tested, and conform greatly (R2 = 0.88) to the measured data.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La radiación descendente de onda larga es una variable importante para calcular la radiación neta, con el fin de investigar el balance de energía superficial y realizar estudios climáticos. Por lo general el flujo se calcula con base en información de parámetros meteorológicos como humedad relativa, temperatura superficial y del aire, y presión del vapor de agua. En este trabajo se realiza una valoración de 11 modelos empíricos ampliamente utilizados para calcular la radiación descendente de onda larga, utilizando para ello una base de datos de superficie reunida entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2017 en Ile-Ilfe, una ciudad tropical de Nigeria. Los modelos originales de Idso y de Niemela et al. tuvieron un mejor desempeño que el resto, con un margen de error de menos de 5% en comparación con los datos de superficie. El desempeño de todos lo modelos mejoró de manera importante después de la calibración. El modelo de Guest, que arrojó pequeños errores (MBE = 0.65 Wm-2, RMBE = 0.15%, RMSE = 9.38 Wm-2, RRMSE = 2.14%, MAE = 7.84 Wm-2, RMAE = 1.79%), tuvo el mejor desempeño, seguido por los de Dilley y O&#8217;Brien, Idso, Prata, Brutsaert, Garratt, Niemela et al. y Ångström. Los modelos calibrados que se presentan en este estudio pueden usarse para calcular el flujo en condiciones de cielo despejado tanto en Ile-Ilfe como en otros sitios con patrones meteorológicos similares, donde dicho flujo no pueda medirse en superficie debido a problemas técnicos y al alto costo de adquirir y mantener los sensores necesarios. El modelo propuesto para calcular el flujo se comportó mejor que todos los modelos empíricos probados, con errores estadísticos menores que éstos y excelente concordancia (R2 = 0.88) con los datos medidos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[surface energy budget]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[downward longwave radiation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cloudless sky]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[calibration coefficient]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[statistical errors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[meteorological parameters]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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