<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-5779</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Terra Latinoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Terra Latinoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-5779</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-57792025000100147</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28940/terra.v43i.2209</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación Comparativa del Índice de Estrés Hídrico Total (TWSI) y la Eficiencia del Requerimiento de Riego (WREI) en Cultivos Agrícolas Utilizando Huellas Hídricas e Información Meteorológica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Comparative Assessment of the Total Water Stress Index (TWSI) and Water Requirement Efficiency (WREI) in Agricultural Crops Using Water Footprints and Meteorological Information]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Exebio-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adolfo Antenor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores-Velázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolaños-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martín Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubiños-Panta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-57792025000100147&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-57792025000100147&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-57792025000100147&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Existen múltiples índices para evaluar la escasez hídrica en la agricultura de riego, como el Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI), el Agricultural Water Stress Index (AWSI), los índices tridimensionales (WSIGreen, WSIBlue, WSIGrey) y el Índice de Eficiencia del Uso del Agua (WUEI). Sin embargo, estos índices no consideran el estrés hídrico acumulado a lo largo del ciclo agrícola ni integran las huellas hídricas reales bajo condiciones de escasez. El objetivo fue evaluar el Estrés Hídrico Total (TWSI) y la Eficiencia del Requerimiento de Riego (WREI) en cultivos agrícolas de un módulo de riego, utilizando información meteorológica y fisiológica para la Línea Base (LB), así como datos hidrométricos, agrícolas y de huellas hídricas para la Condición Real (CR). La investigación, fue de tipo empírico-asociativo, con diseño no experimental, analizó estadísticas agrícolas, hidrométricas, huellas hídricas (verde, azul y total) en los escenarios LB y CR. A partir de datos meteorológicos simulados por el generador climático WXGEN se procesaron en el software CROPWAT para calcular los requerimientos de riego en ambos escenarios. Los resultados incluyen cuatro expresiones matemáticas para calcular el TWSI y el WREI. En la LB, la huella hídrica total del módulo fue de 12 504.57 m³ Mg-1, mientras que en la CR fue de 8075.78 m³ Mg-¹. El TWSI promedio fue de 45.43% y el WREI de 54.57%. Las principales limitaciones incluyeron la falta de datos meteorológicos y fisiológicos medidos in situ. Aun así, los índices TWSI y WREI demostraron ser herramientas efectivas para cuantificar el estrés hídrico total y la eficiencia del requerimiento de riego. Ya que el TWSI y WREI, calculados mediante las huellas hídricas potenciales de LB y reales de CR, proporcionaron un marco metodológico sólido para la gestión hídrica sostenible en la agricultura de riego con escasez de agua y variabilidad climática.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary: Multiple indexes are used to assess water scarcity in irrigated agriculture, such as the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI), the Agricultural Water Stress Index (AWSI), the three-dimensional indices (WSIGreen, WSIBlue, WSIGrey), and the Water Use Efficiency Index (WUEI). However, these indices do not account for the cumulative water stress throughout the agricultural cycle, nor do they integrate real water footprints under scarcity conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the Total Water Stress Index (TWSI) and the Water Requirement Efficiency Index (WREI) in agricultural crops of an irrigation module, using meteorological and physiological information for the Baseline (LB) and hydrometric, agricultural, and water footprint data for the Real Condition (CR). The research was empirical-associative in nature, with a non-experimental design, and analyzed agricultural and hydrometric statistics as well as water footprints (green, blue, and total) under both LB and CR scenarios. Furthermore, meteorological data simulated by the WXGEN climate generator were processed in the CROPWAT software to calculate crop irrigation requirements in both scenarios. The results include four mathematical expressions for calculating the TWSI and the WREI. Under LB, the module&#8217;s total water footprint was 12 504.57 m³ Mg-¹, while under CR it was 8 075.78 m³ Mg-¹. The average TWSI was 45.43%, and the average WREI was 54.57%. The main limitations were the lack of in situ measured meteorological and physiological data. Nevertheless, the TWSI and WREI indices proved to be effective tools for quantifying total water stress and irrigation requirement efficacy, since the TWSI and WREI, calculated using the potential water footprints of the Baseline (LB) and the real water footprints of the Real Condition (CR), provided a robust methodological framework for sustainable water management in irrigated agriculture under conditions of water scarcity and climatic variability.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agricultura de riego]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[colores del agua (verde]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[azul]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gris)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[eficiente del agua]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gestión hídrica sostenible]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[manejo recursos de agua en la agricultura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[irrigated agriculture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[water color (green]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[blue]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[grey)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[efficient water management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sustainable water management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[water resources in agriculture]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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