<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-5337</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Perinatología y reproducción humana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Perinatol. Reprod. Hum.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-5337</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Perinatología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-53372021000300089</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/per.21000006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Patrones de susceptibilidad de gramnegativos en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel: 2013 vs. 2018]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Gram-negative susceptibility patterns in a tertiary pediatric hospital: 2013 vs. 2018]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coria-Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José de J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Avendaño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Georgina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roselia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ojeda-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aurelia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yadira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dulce María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adalberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Departamento de Infectología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Departamento de Epidemiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>89</fpage>
<lpage>98</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-53372021000300089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-53372021000300089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-53372021000300089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: Los gramnegativos continúan siendo los causantes de infecciones asociadas a la atención a la salud (IAAS).  Material y métodos:: Analizamos la resistencia antimicrobiana de patógenos durante el 2013 vs. 2018 y lo comparamos con lo publicado en 2006 vs. 2012.  Resultados: Identificamos nueve patógenos gramnegativos, de un total de 404 aislamientos, con una prevalencia en 2013 (N = 227 [0.22]) vs. 2018 (N = 177 [0.17]) y una incidencia por egresos (6,607 en el 2013 y 7,778 en el 2018) del 3.4 y 2.2% respectivamente. Destacaron tres patógenos: Klebsiella pneumoniae (129 [31.93%]), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (85 [21.03%]) y Escherichia coli (80 [19.80%]). Estos, llamados patógenos ESKAPE-E, prevalecieron como causantes de IAAS. Identificamos un aumento en los patrones de resistencia para muchos patógenos en 2018.  Conclusión: La multirresistencia a patógenos ESKAPE-E es un serio problema de salud pública, por carecer de alternativas terapéuticas para enfrentar este reto. Los mapas de resistencia bacteriana ayudan en la prescripción antibiótica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Gram-negatives continue to be the cause of infections associated with health care (HCAI).  Material and methods: We analyzed the antimicrobial resistance of pathogens during 2013 vs. 2018 and we compare it with what was published in 2006 vs. 2012.  Results: We identified 9 gram-negative pathogens, out of a total of 404 isolates, with a prevalence in 2013 (N = 227 [0.22]) vs. 2018 (N = 177 [0.17]) and an incidence due to discharges (6,607 in 2013 and 7,778 in 2018) of 3.4 and 2.2%, respectively.Three pathogens stood out Klebsiella pneumoniae (129 [31.93%]), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (85 [21.03%]) and Escherichia coli (80 [19.80%]). These, called ESKAPE-E pathogens, prevailed as the cause of HCAI. We identified an increase in resistance patterns for many pathogens in 2018.  Conclusion: Multi-resistance to ESKAPE-E pathogens is a serious public health problem, due to the lack of therapeutic alternatives to face this challenge. Bacterial resistance maps help in antibiotic prescription.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Resistencia bacteriana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gramnegativos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mapa microbiológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antimicrobial susceptibility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bacterial resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gram-negatives]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Microbiological map]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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