<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-358X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación bibliotecológica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Investig. bibl]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-358X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas y de la Información]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-358X2025000400121</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iibi.24488321xe.2025.105.59066</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Producción científica Cuba-Estados Unidos en física nuclear: ¿colaboración real o coincidencia multilateral?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cuba-United States Scientific Output in Nuclear Physics: ¿Genuine Collaboration or Multilateral Coincidence?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ronda-Pupo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo Armando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica del Norte Escuela de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>105</numero>
<fpage>121</fpage>
<lpage>139</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-358X2025000400121&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-358X2025000400121&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-358X2025000400121&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este estudio analiza la producción científica conjunta entre Cuba y Estados Unidos en el área de física nuclear durante el periodo 1999-2024, mediante indicadores bibliométricos libres de escala. Se examinaron 254 artículos indexados en Web of Science y se evaluó su crecimiento, continuidad, especialización temática, impacto relativo y apertura internacional. Los resultados muestran una colaboración sostenida y altamente especializada, con un impacto de citación tres veces superior al promedio global. Sin embargo, indicadores estructurales, como el número promedio de países por artículo (32.39) y la diversidad externa (34.39), revelan que esta producción ocurre dentro de consorcios científicos multinacionales en lugar de a través de una cooperación bilateral directa entre ambos países. En este contexto, se concluye que la relación observada responde a una participación compartida en plataformas globales mediada por estructuras colaborativas amplias, más que a una estrategia de colaboración planificada.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This study analyzes the joint scientific output between Cuba and the United States in nuclear physics during the period 1999-2024, using scale-independent bibliometric indicators. A total of 254 articles indexed in Web of Science were examined, evaluating their growth, continuity, thematic specialization, relative impact, and international openness. The results show sustained and highly specialized collaboration, with a citation impact three times higher than the global average. However, structural indicators, such as the average number of countries per article (32.39) and external diversity (34.39), reveal that this output occurs within multinational scientific consortia, instead of through direct bilateral cooperation between the two countries. In this context, the observed relationship is better understood as shared participation in global platforms mediated by broad collaborative structures, rather than a planned bilateral strategy.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colaboración científica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Física nuclear]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bibliometría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Diplomacia científica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Scientific Collaboration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nuclear Physics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bibliometrics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Science Diplomacy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anthes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antuña-Marrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oswaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Braun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arredondo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[René Estevan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cooperation on GPS Meteorology Between the United States and Cuba]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1079-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cañete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kenneth W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cuba-US Collaboration: The Pandemic Imperative]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicc Review]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cuba-USA Collaboration Can Go Nano]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>250</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carbonell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rubén]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Steven]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Opportunities for US/Cuba Collaborations in Biopharmaceutical Development and Manufacturing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>250</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro Díaz-Balart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fidel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La energía nuclear en Cuba: factor imprescindible para el desarrollo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín del OIEA]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>49-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro Díaz-Balart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fidel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Energía nuclear y desarrollo]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial de Ciencias Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Helena J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armas-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luisa A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lauzardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Ochoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edilberto R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Moving Closer to Tuberculosis Elimination Through Institutional Scientific Collaboration: Opportunities for Cuba and the USA]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicc Review]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>59-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeWeerdt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sarah]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Embargoing Science: US Policy Toward Cuba and Scientific Collaboration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioscience]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angelina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Centro de Estudios Aplicados al Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN) en ocasión de su 30 aniversario (1987-2017)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>118-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machlis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gary]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frankovich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thomas A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcolado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erik]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Zanuy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aida Caridad]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hueter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knowlton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nancy]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erick]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tunnell Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[US-Cuba Scientific Collaboration: Emerging Issues and Opportunities in Marine and Related Environmental Sciences]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oceanography]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>227-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Connell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gálvez-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana María]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scandlyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jean]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sala-Adam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Rosa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Linares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xiomara]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Collaboration to Teach US MPH Students About Cuba&#8217;s Health Care System]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicc Review]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>49-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pastrana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Science in U.S.-Cuba Relations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>348</volume>
<numero>6236</numero>
<issue>6236</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pastrana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clegg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[U.S.-Cuban Scientific Relations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>322</volume>
<numero>5900</numero>
<issue>5900</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ronda-Pupo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo Armando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cuba-U.S. Scientific Collaboration: Beyond the Embargo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLOS One]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ronda-Pupo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo Armando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mexico: A Bridge in Cuba-US Scientific Collaboration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientometrics]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>128</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>2301-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ronda-Pupo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo Armando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Dynamics of Cuban International Scientific Collaboration: A Scientometric Analysis over a Century]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientometrics]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>129</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>5211-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Eck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nees Jan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waltman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ludo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Software Survey: VOSviewer, a Computer Program for Bibliometric Mapping]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientometrics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>523-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
