<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0186-7210</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios demográficos y urbanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. demogr. urbanos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0186-7210</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0186-72102012000200449</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Informalidad y dualismo en la economía mexicana]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Informality and Dualism in Mexican Economy]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puyana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alicia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de México Centro de Estudios Económicos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>449</fpage>
<lpage>489</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0186-72102012000200449&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0186-72102012000200449&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0186-72102012000200449&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: En este trabajo se analiza el fenómeno de la informalidad a partir de la década de 1950; se aplica el enfoque de Arthur Lewis, para quien el empleo informal es un resultado del funcionamiento de las economías en desarrollo, en las cuales existe una oferta laboral ilimitada a un determinado salario de equilibrio. En este trabajo la informalidad es el residuo, es la mano de obra sobrante una vez que el sector moderno ocupa la fuerza laboral necesaria a un salario real dado y conforme al capital disponible. En el documento se presenta primero una versión formal del modelo de Lewis, en el cual hay dos sectores: el moderno y el atrasado; a este último con salvedades, lo asimilamos al informal, para luego proceder a estimar una de sus principales conclusiones con datos de la economía mexicana. En este ejercicio se constata que el modelo de Lewis es una representación adecuada de los hechos estilizados que caracterizan a la economía mexicana, y que la importante intensificación de capital, es decir la relación entre el capital y el trabajo en el sector formal que se ha experimentado a partir de las reformas, ha elevado los costos de la creación de empleo formal. En estas condiciones, aunado a la escasa inversión en los últimos veinte años, se ha presentado un estancamiento de la proporción del empleo formal en el total y además unos muy precarios, casi nulos, avances en la productividad total promedio y en el ingreso por habitante.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This paper analyzes the trajectory of informality as it has evolved since 1950. For doing so, the analytic frame elaborated by Arthur Lewis was applied. For Lewis, the informal employment results from the incapacity of an economy, with unlimited labour supply, to absorb all the working force at a given equilibrium salary. Therefore, in this essay, informality represents the residual labour that remains stacked in the non-modern sector, once the modern sector has absorbed all the labour it can employ at a given equilibrium wage and available capital. The analysis starts with a mathematical formalization of the Lewis model and proceeds to evaluate one of its main conclusions using observed data of the Mexican economy. The model accurately represents the stylized facts of the economy and allows concluding that, after the introduction of the structural reforms, the modern sector of the Mexican economy experienced a large increase in capital intensity which enlarged its capital/labour ratio and inflated the costs of generating formal employment. In these conditions, and taking into consideration the meagre investments registered during the last two decades it is not surprising the immovability of the share of formal in total employment as well as the almost negligible increases in total labour productivity and total income per head.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[empleo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[informalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dualismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[productividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[employment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[informality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dualism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[productivity]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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